6 Balanced diet and other stuff

Question 1

What is balanced diet

Answer 1

includes all of the nutrients needed for cells and tissues to function proerply

Question 2

Function of protein

Answer 2

growth and repair

Question 3

Name and explain the deficiency of protein (3)

Answer 3

Kwashiorkor - severe form of protein malnutrition.

people with kwashiorkor get enough energy from their good but their diet does not contain enough protein

Body begins to swell because too much liquid stays in body.

Question 4

Good food souirces of proteins

Answer 4

egg, milk products, fish

Question 5

What is marasmus

Answer 5

caused by inadequate intake of energy of all nutrients

Question 6

What is calcium needed for (3)

Answer 6

strong teeth and bones

helpes with muscle contraction

helps with nervce transmission

Question 7

good sources of calcium

Answer 7

milk and eggs

Question 8

What is iron needed for

Answer 8

needed to make hemoglobins in the red blood cells

Question 9

Good source of iron

Answer 9

read meats, liver, kidneys, green vegetables

Question 10

Name and explain iron deficiency

Answer 10

Anaemia - red blood cells are smaller than normal and there’s less of them, causing tiredness

Question 10

Name and explain iron deficiency

Answer 10

Anaemia - red blood cells are smaller than normal and there’s less of them, causing tiredness

Question 11

Name the deficiency of calcium

Answer 11

rickets

Question 12

What is Vitamin C needed for (4)

Answer 12

healthy skin,

teeth

gums

helps form blood vessels

Question 13

Good source of vitamin C

Answer 13

citurs fruit, green vegetables

Question 14

Name + explain the deficiency of vitamin C

Answer 14

Scurvy - causes swelling and bleeding of gums

Question 15

What is vitamin D needed for

Answer 15

strong bones and teeth

Question 16

Good source of VItamin D

Answer 16

fish, eggs, liver, cheese, and milk

Question 17

Name + explain Vitamin D deficiency

Answer 17

rickets - person cannot absorb and use the calcium they need, leading to soft bones and curved leg bones

Question 18

What is fibre needed for

Answer 18

adds bulk to food so that it can be easily moved along the digestive system

Question 19

good source of fibre

Answer 19

brown rice, nuts

Question 20

Name + explain fibre deficiency

Answer 20

Constipation - difficulty in emptying that rectum

Question 21

What is water needed for

Answer 21

needed for almost every process in the body

Question 22

Good source of water

Answer 22

water, veggetables, fruits

Question 23

Name water deficiency (2)

Answer 23

dehydration

constipation

Question 24

What is carbohydrates needed for

Answer 24

can be broken down into simple sugars for use in respiration, releasing energy and enabling all life processes to take place

Question 25

Good source of carbohydrates

Answer 25

rice, bread, potqatoes, pasta

Question 26

Name + explain deficiency of carbohydrates

Answer 26

Ketotsis - when body burns fats for energy instead of glucose, occurs when carbohydrate intake is low

Question 27

What are lipids(fats) used for

Answer 27

used to make cell membranes, isulation, protection of organs is an energy store to supply molecules for respiration, if the diet does not contain enough energy for daily needs

Question 28

Good sources of lipids (fats)

Answer 28

meat, butter, cheee, milk, oily fish

Question 29

name deficiency of lipids (fats)

Answer 29

hair loss rashes

Question 30

How does malnutrition occur

Answer 30

dietary inbalance

Question 31

How does starvation occur (3)

Answer 31

Too little energy provided by the diet body start to break down its energy stores Initialy uses fat stores, but when those run out the body start to break down muscle tissue for respiration

Question 32

define ingestion

Answer 32

taking in of substances

Question 33

Define digestion

Answer 33

breakdown of large, insoluble food molecules into smaller, water soluble molecules using mechanical and chemical processes

Question 34

Define absorption

Answer 34

movement of digested fodo molecules through the wall of the intestine into the blood

Question 35

Assimilation

Answer 35

movement of digested food molecules into cells, where they can be used to produce other molecules or in respiration

Question 36

Define egestion

Answer 36

passing out of food that has not been digested, faeces through the anus

Question 37

Define mechanical digestion

Answer 37

braekdown of food into smaller PIECES without chemical change to the food molecules

Question 38

Define chemical digestion

Answer 38

the breakdown of large, insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules

Question 39

how does mechanical digestion adn chemical digestion work together in the body

Answer 39

mechanical digestion creates a greater surface area for enzyems to chemically digest food molecules into smaller soluble molecuels that can be absorbed into the bloodstream.

Question 40

function of mouth

Answer 40

site of ingestion where mechanical digestion starts. the teeth breaks down food into smaller pieces

Question 41

Function of salivary glands (2)

Answer 41

produces liquid saliva, which moistens food so that it can easily be swallowed. Contains enzyme aylase, which starts to chemically break down the starch in food

Question 42

Function of oesophagus

Answer 42

bolus moved from mouth to stomach along the oesophagus by waves of mucscle contraction called peristasis

Question 43

Define bolus

Answer 43

each lump of swallowed and chewed food

Question 44

Function of stomach (2)

Answer 44

food is mixed with enzyme and acid Movements of muscular wall churn up food into liquid

Question 45

Function of liver (2)

Answer 45

makes bile helps assimilate glucose from blood into liver cells where it is stored as glycogen

Question 46

Function of gall bladder

Answer 46

stores bile from the liver; bile is passed along the bile duct into the small intestine where it neutralises the stomach acid in the food

Question 47

Function of pancreas

Answer 47

produces and secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine (carbohydrase, protease, lipase)

Question 48

Function of small intestine (2)

Answer 48

secretions from the gall bladder and pancreas enter the first part of the small intestine to complete the process of digestion digested food molecules and water are absorbed in the second part of the small intestine

Question 49

Function of large intestine

Answer 49

water is absorbed from the remaining material

Question 50

function of rectum

Answer 50

any parts of the food which can't be digested are stored as faeces, before being egested via the anus

Question 51

Function of bile

Answer 51

helps to neutralize the acidic mixture of food and gastric juice entering the first part of the small intestine, enabling a suitable pH for enzyme action Emulsifies fats, increasing surface area by breaking fats into smaller droplets (mechanical digestion), helping lipase chemmically digest the fat to fatty acids and glycerol

Question 52

What are villis

Answer 52

structural adaptation of the small intestine that increase the interanl surface area available for absorption of small soluble molecules produced by digestion in the small intestine

Question 53

Adaptations of the small villi for increase rate of diffusion (3)

Answer 53

short diffusuion distance - one cell thick so they don't have to travel far to be absorbed into the blood in the capillaries in the villi well supplied with blood capillaries, taking absorbed molecules from the small intestine to the rest of the body and supplying fresh blood contains lacteals, which carry fat droplets seperately from the rest of the food molecules as fat doesn't dissolve wel in blood

Question 54

Name + explain the 4 different tooth types (4)

Answer 54

incisiors - chisel shaped for cutting food canines - sharp and pointy for tearing food premolars - combine features of canines and molars, not flat surface but not pointy also molars - broad, flat surface for crushing and grinding food

Question 55

What are the two parts of the tooth structure + explain (2)

Answer 55

crown - part of the tooth that is visible above the gum root - part that olds the tooth in the gum

Question 56

Incisors and canines poses a single root true or false

Answer 56

true

Question 57

premolars and molars poses two roots per tooth true or false

Answer 57

true

Question 58

Explain enamel (3)

Answer 58

outer white layer of the tooth hardest part of the tooth protects the softer, yellower dentine beneath

Question 59

Explain dentine (2)

Answer 59

softer than enamel surroudns and connects to the pulp

Question 60

Explain pulp (2)

Answer 60

forms centre of the tooth mixture of blood vessels and nerves

Question 61

Explain cementum

Answer 61

connects tooth to jawline

Question 62

Explain tooth decay (4)

Answer 62

mainly caused by sugar plaque (sticky film of bacteria) builds up on tooth bacteria use sugar as food for ceullular respiration bacteria release acid as wasteproduct, beginning to erode the enamel and cause dentine to be exposed

Question 63

3 ways to preven ttooth decay (3)

Answer 63

brush regulary flossing avoid foods high in sugar