2 Cells Flashcards
What are the different organelles in an animal cell? (6)
Mitochondria
cytoplasm
ribosome
endoplasmic reticulum
nucleus
cell membrane
What are the different organelles in a plant cell? (9)
mitochondria
cytoplasm
ribosome
endoplasmic reticulum
nucleus
cell membrane
cell wall
chrloroplast
vacuole
Describe the mitochondria (2)
sausage shaped with a wiggly line
site of respiration
Describe the cytoplasm (2)
jelly-like substance that suspends the organelles
allows them to move
Describe the ribosome (2)
Hair like organelles that are attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum
site of protein synthesis
Describe the endoplasmic reticiulum (2)
Network of lines that is found throughout the cell
folds proteins and transports materials between organelles
Describe the nucleus (1)
Round, usually the largest organelle that controls all cell activities
Describe the cell membrane
layer that controls what enters and leaves the cell
Describes the cell wall
The most outer part of a plant cell that provides support and prevcents bursting
Describe the chloroplast
oval shapesd that contains green pigment called chlorophyll
What is the function of chlorophyll
absorbs light energy that plants need, to make nutrients in the process known as photosynthesis
Describe the vacuole (2)
looks like huge empty space
contains cell sap (goo that contains sugar and proteins that cell can draw upon when it needs to)
Magnification equation
Image size/ actual size
Describe the ciliated cells (2)
Contains hair-like projections called cilia, which are capable of moving in a coordinated sweeping motion
Moves mucus to mouth where it is swallowed and passed into the stomach
Describe the shape and function of palisade mesophyll cells (3)
main site of photosynthesis
contains many chloroplasts
columnar shaped, packed closely together-increasing number of cells for photosynthesis
Describe the shape and function of red blood cells (3)
transport of oxygen
Full with hemoglobin for transporting oxygen (no nucleus for transporting oxygen)
Biconcave shape, increasing the rate of diffusion
Describe the shape and function of root hair cells (3)
absorption of water and minterals
elongated shape increases surface area, increasing rate of osmosis
contains many mitochondria to provide energy for active transport of solutes from the soil
Describe the shape and function of sperm cells (5)
reproduction
straemlined shape for enhanced motility
contains many mitochondria to provide energy for movement of the flagellum
contains enzymes in the acrosome which digest a hole in the egg cell membraine
contains half the number of chromosomes
Describe the shape and function of the egg cell (3)
reproduction
cytoplasm contains nutrients for energy during cell division
contains half the number of chromosomes
Define diffusion
net movement of particles from an area of higher concetration to an are of lower concetration down a concetration gradient, as a result of their random movement
Factors that determine the rate of diffusion (4)
distance
temeperature
surface area of membrane
size of gradient
Define osmosis
The net moevment of water molecules from a region o fhigher water potential to a region of lower water potential through a partially permeable membrane
Define turgid
having turgor; enlarged and swollen with water
Define turgor pressure
the pressure of the cytoplasm pushing agaisnt the cell wall
define Plasmolysis
the loss of water in a hypertonic solution (containg a igh conc of solute) leading to shrinking of the cell
Define flaccid
lacking turgor; lacking in stiffness or strength. Soft and floppy (includes oth shrunk cell and normal cell)
