6-B,Al,Ga,In,Tl (13. skupina)

Question 1

B pridobivamo iz raztopin mineralov

amorfen rjavi bor

Answer 1

Na2B4O7 + 2 HCl + 5 H2O → 2 NaCl + 4 H3BO3
2 H3BO3 → B2O3 + 3 H2O
B2O3 + 3 Mg → 2 B + 3 MgO

Question 2

pridobivanje B
(kristaliničen)

Answer 2

2 BBr3 + 3 H2 → 2 B + 6 HBr

Question 3

pridobivanje Al2O3 iz boksita

Answer 3

boksit + NaOH → NaAl(OH)4 +Fe2O3*xH2O(s) + Na2Al2SiO6

Question 4

elektroliza Al2O3

Answer 4

2 Al2O3 + 3 C → 4 Al + 3 CO2

Question 5

alumotermična reakcija (Al je močen reducent, z njim pridobivamo druge kovine)

Answer 5

M2O3 + 2Al → 2M + Al2O3

Question 6

Al + kislina

Answer 6

2 Al(s) + 3 H2SO4(aq) → Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3 H2(g)

Question 7

Al + baza

Answer 7

2 Al(s) + Ba(OH)2(aq) + 6H2O(l) → 2 Ba[Al(OH)4)]2(aq) + 3 H2(g)

Question 8

sinteza boranov

Answer 8

4 BCl3 + 3 Li[AlH4] → 2 B2H6 + 3 LiCl + 3 AlCl3
ali
NaBH4 + I2 → B2H6 + 2 NaI + H2

Question 9

sinteza boranov (IND)

Answer 9

2 BF3 + 6 NaH → B2H6 + 6 NaF (180°C)

Question 10

pirolizni postopki za naprej v višje borane (T>100°C)

Answer 10

B2H6 → 2{BH3}
{BH3} + B2H6 → B3H7 + H2
ali
B2H6 → B4H10 (visok tlak 10 dni)

Question 11

boranokarbonat - nastanek

Answer 11

CaO + CO2 → CaCO3
CaO + H3BCO → Ca(H3BCO2)

CaCO3 + 2 H3O(+) → Ca(2+) + CO2 + 3 H2O

Ca(H3BCO2) + 2 H3O(+) → Ca(2+) + H3BCO + 3 H2O

Question 12

sinteza borove kisline

Answer 12

B2H6(g) + 6 H2O(l) → 2 B(OH)3(s) + 6 H2(g)

Question 13

hidridi Al

Answer 13

3 LiAlH4(s) + AlCl3(s) → 4 AlH3(s) + 3 LiCl(s)

Question 14

sinteza LiAlH4

Answer 14

Li(s) + Al(s) + 2 H2(g) → LiAlH4(s)

Question 15

LiAlH4 + voda

Answer 15

LiAlH4(s) + 4 H2O(l) → LiOH(aq) + Al(OH)3(aq) + 4 H2(g)

Question 16

borova kislina (2) nastanek iy boraksa/kernita

Answer 16

Na2B4O7∙10H2O(aq) + 2 H3O+(aq) → 4 B(OH)3(aq) + 2 Na+(aq) + 7 H2O(l)

Question 17

borova kislina + voda

Answer 17

H3BO3 + H2O → H(+) + B(OH)4](-)

Question 18

borova kislina + alkoholi → estri

Answer 18

H3BO3 + 3MeOH → B(OMe)3 + 3H2O

B(OMe)3 je hlapen, gori zeleno, vodo vežemo na H2SO4

Question 19

perborati (v pralnih praških) nastanek

Answer 19

H3BO3+ NaOH + H2O2+ H2O → NaBO2H2O23H2O
ali
H3BO3 + Na2O2 → NaBO3*4H2O

Question 20

Al(OH)3 je amorfen

Answer 20

Al(OH)3+ H3O(+) → Al(H2O)6
in
Al(OH)3 + OH(-) → Al(OH)4

Question 21

Prav tako je amfoteren γ-Al2O3

Answer 21

γ- Al2O3 + 3 H2O + 2 OH(-) → 2 Al(OH)4
in
γ-Al2O3 + 6 H3O(+) + 3 H2O → 2 Al(H2O)6

Question 22

sinteza BF3

Answer 22

B2O3 + 6 HF → 2 BF3 + 3 H2O

Question 23

BF3 + voda

Answer 23

4 BF3 + 3 H2O → H3BO3 + 3H[BF4]

Question 24

BI3 nastanek

Answer 24

BCl3 + 3 HI → BI3 + 3 HCl

Question 25

sinteza BCl3

Answer 25

B2O3 + 3 C + 3 Cl2 → 2 BCl3 + 3 CO

Question 26

BCl3 + voda

Answer 26

BCl3 + 3 H2O → H3BO3 + 3 HCl

Question 27

Brezvodnih aluminijevih halogenidov ne moremo pripraviti s sušenjem hidratov

Answer 27

[Al(H2O)6]Cl3 →((T))→ [Al(H2O)3(OH)3] + 3 HCl

Question 28

Al halogenide lahko pripravimo iz elementov

Answer 28

Al(s) + Cl2(g) →((T))→ Al2Cl6(g)

Question 29

sinteza AlF3

Answer 29

Al2O3(s) + HF(g) → AlF3(g) (oksid)
ali
Al(s) + HF(g) → AlF3(g) (kovina)

Question 30

sinteza borazina (B in N)

Answer 30

3 NH4Cl(s) + 3 NaBH4(s) →B3N3H6(s) + 3 NaCl(s) + 9 H2(g)
ali
3 B2H6(g) + 6 NH3(g) → 2 B3N3H6(s) + 12 H2(g)

Question 31

borazin je podoben benzenu, veliko bolj reaktiven

Answer 31

B3N3H6 + 3HCl → (ClHBNH2)3

Question 32

B2O3 z amoniakom

Answer 32

B2O3 + 2 NH3 → 2 BN + 3 H2O