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Anorganska > 3-HALKOGENI (16. skupina) > Flashcards

3-HALKOGENI (16. skupina) Flashcards

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1
Q

koproporcionacija S

POSKUS - kaj je v vulkanu?

A 
2 H2S + SO2 → 3 S + 2 H2O
2 S(2-) + S(4+) → 3 S(0)
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2
Q

sežig H2S v koksarni

A

2 H2S + 3 O2 → 2 SO2 + 2 H2O
(katalizator boksit)
SO2 + 2 H2S → 3 S + 2 H2O

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3
Q

redukcija sulfatov z ogljikom

A

CaSO4 + 4 C → CaS + 4 CO

⠂sulfid → H2S → SO2

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4
Q

praženje selenidov
redukcija z SO2
(Se je močnejši oksidant od S)

A

2 MSe + 3 O2 → 2 SeO2 + 2 MO (M=kovina)
SeO2 + 2 SO2 + 2 H2O → Se + 2 H2SO4
(nastane rdeči Se) (POSKUS)

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5
Q

halkogeni (razen O2) + H2

počasi; neprimerno

A

S + H2 → H2S (200°C)
Se + H2 → H2Se (>400°C)
Te + 2H → H2Te

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6
Q

LAB: sulfidi + kisline

KIPPOV APARAT

A

FeS + H2SO4 → FeSO4 + H2S

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7
Q

H2S je reducent (s kisikom)

A

2 H2S + 3 O2 → 2 SO2 + 2 H2O

2 H2S + O 2 → 2 S + 2 H2O

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8
Q

H2S + močni oksidanti

plin

A

H2S + Cl2 → 2HCl + S

2 H2S + SO2 → 3 S + 2 H2O

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9
Q

H2S + močni oksidanti

raztopina

A

2 MnO4(-) + 5 H2S + 6 H(+) → 5 S + 2 Mn(2+) + 8 H2O

Cr2O7(2-) + 3 H2S + 8 H(+) → 3 S + 2 Cr(3+) + 7 H2O

H2SO4 + 3 H2S → 4 S + 4 H2O (nastane voda; H2S ne moremo sušiti s H2SO4)

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10
Q

H2S + baza

A

H2S + NaOH → NaHS + H2O
NaHS + NaOH → Na2S + H2O
(dobimo sulfide in hidrogensulfide)

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11
Q

POSKUS

modra galica in H2S

A

CuSO4*5H2O + H2S → CuS + H2SO4 + 5 H2O (CuS = ČRN)

CuS + O2 → CuO + SO2
CuS + H2SO4 → H2S + CuSO4

SO2 + 2 H2S → 3 S + 2 H2O

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12
Q

Protoliza S(2-) iona

A

S(2-) + H2O ↔ HS(-) + OH(-)

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13
Q

H2S v vodi

ne ravno dobro topno

A

H2S + H2O ↔ H3O(+) + HS(-)

HS(-) + H2O ↔ H3O(+) + S(2-)

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14
Q

Nastanek polisulfidov

A

Na2S + (1-x) S → Na2Sx

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15
Q

polisulfide nakisamo

A

Na2Sx + 2 HCl → 2 NaCl + (x-1) S + H2S

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16
Q

polisulfidom damo prebitek kisline

A

Na2Sx + 2 HCl → 2 NaCl + H2Sx

nastanejo POLISULFANI

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17
Q

polisulfan + baza (zelo mala količina)

A

H2Sx → H2S + (x-1) S

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18
Q

gorenje S na zraku

A

S + O2 → SO2
2 SO2 + O2 → SO3

2 S + 3 O2 → SO3 (sumarno)

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19
Q

IND:

SO2 nastane s praženjem rud in pirita

A

2 ZnS + 3 O2 → 2 ZnO + 2 SO2

4 FeS2+ 11 O2 → 2 Fe2O3+ 8 SO2

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20
Q

LAB:

SO2 iz Na2SO3 + močna kislina

A

Na2SO3 + 2 H2SO4 → 2 NaHSO4 + H2O + SO2

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21
Q

LAB:
SO2 iz Cu in H2SO4

(Cu in Ag se NE raztapljata v RAZREDČENIH kislinah)

A

Cu + 2 H2SO4 → CuSO4 + SO2 + 2 H2O

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22
Q

SO2 in voda

A

SO2 + 2 H2O ↔ HSO3(-) + H3O(+)

HSO3(-) + H2O ↔ SO3(2-) + H3O(+)

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23
Q

SO2 je z močnimi oksidanti REDUCENT

A

MnO4(-) + 5 SO2 + 2 H2O + 6 H(+) → 2 Mn(2+) + 5 H2SO4
(roza → prozorno)

Cr2O7(2-) + 3 SO2 + 8 H(+) → Cr(3+) + 3 H2SO4 + H2O
(rumeno → zeleno)

24
Q

SO2 je z močnimi reducenti OKSIDANT

A

2 H2S + SO2 → 3 S + 2 H2O

2 Na + SO2 → Na2O2 + S

25
HSO3(-) segrevamo
2 HSO3(-) ↔ S2O5(2-) + H2O
26
SO2 + NaOH
SO2 + NaOH → NaHSO3
27
segrevamo NaHSO3
2 NaHSO3 → Na2S2O5 + H2O
28
Na2S2O5 + kislina
Na2S2O5 + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2 SO2 +2 H2O S2O5(2-) + 2 H3O(+) → 2 SO2 + 3 H2O
29
segrevamo Na2S2O5 →
Na2S2O5 → Na2SO3 + SO2
30
SO3 LAB: | segrevanje konc: H2SO4
H2SO4 → SO3 + H2O
31
SO3 LAB: | NaHSO4
2 NaHSO4 → Na2S2O7 + H2O | Na2S2O7 → SO3 + Na2SO4
32
SO3 IND:
2 SO2 + O2 → SO3
33
H2SO4 IND: | preko SO3
2 SO2 + O2 → SO3 SO3 + H2SO4 → oleum oleum + H2O → H2SO4 sumarno SO3 + H2O → H2SO4
34
H2SO4 IND: z NO2 (a je to POSKUS)
HNO3 + Cu → NO2 SO2 + NO2 + H2O → H2SO4 + NO 2 NO + O2 → 2 NO2 (NO2 se ne porablja) vmesna stopnja (nitroza): 2 NO2 + H2SO4 → NOHSO4 + HNO3 2 NOHSO4 + SO2 + 2 H2O → 3 H2SO4 + 2 NO (2. reakcija zgoraj je sumarna)
35
H2SO4 + elektrika
2 H2SO4 ↔ H2O + H2S2O7 H2SO4 + H2O ↔ H3O(+) + HSO4(-) 2 H2SO4 ↔ H3SO4(+) + HSO4(-) H2SO4 + H2S2O7 ↔ H3SO4(+) + HS2O7(-)
36
Vroča H2SO4
H2SO4 → SO3 + H2O SO3 → SO2 + O Cu + 2 H2SO4 → CuSO4 ' S O2 + 2 H2O
37
Vroča H2SO4 oksidira kovine
2 Ag + 2 H2SO4 → Ag2SO4 + SO2 + 2 H2O
38
H2SO4 + sladkor
H2SO4 + sladkor → C + H2O
39
H2SO4 za estrenje
CH3COOH + C2H5OH ↔ CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
40
Razredčena H2SO4
H2SO4 + H2O → HSO4(-) + H3O(+) | HSO4(-) H2O → SO4(2-) + H3O(+)
41
H2S2O7 (nastane iz oleuma) damo v vodo
H2S2O7 + H2O → 2 H2SO4
42
H2S2O7 soli
2 NaHSO4 → Na2S2O7 + H2O (150-200°C) | Na2S2O7 + Na2SO4 + SO3 (300°C)
43
Pridobivanje peroksižveplovih kislin
H2SO4 → H2S2O8 | H2S2O8 + H2O → H2SO4 + H2SO5
44
peroksižveplovi kislini z vodo
H2S2O8 + H2O → H2SO4 + H2SO5 | H2SO5 + H2O → H2SO4 + H2O2
45
peroksižveplovi kislini dobimo iz HSO3Cl in H2O2 | klorosulfonska kislina
HSO3Cl + H2O2 → H2SO5 + HCl | HSO3Cl + H2SO5 → H2S2O8 + HCl
46
peroksidisulfati so MOČNI OKSIDANTI
Mn(2+) → MnO4(-) | Cr(3+) → CrO4(2-)
47
tiožveplova kislina nastanek
Na2SO3 + S → Na2S2O3 (natrijev sulfit → natrijev tiosulfat) ali 2 NaHS + 4 NaHSO3 → 3Na2S2O3 + 3 H2O (iz SO2, H2S IN NaOH)
48
Na2S2O3 je REDUCENT
Na2S2O3 + 4 Cl2 + 5 H2O → 2 NaHSO4 + 8 HCl 2 Na2S2O3 + I2 → 2 NaI + Na2S4O6 2 S2O3(2-) + AgBr → [Ag(S2O3)2](3-) + Br(-)
49
Polisulfanmonosulfonske in polisulfandisulfonske kisline
H2Sx-1 + SO3 → H2SxO3 x = 3 do 10 H2Sx-2 + 2 SO3 → H2SxO6 x = do 22
50
Halogenski derivati oksokislin žvepla
SO3 + HCl → HSO3Cl SO2 + Cl2 → SO2Cl2 (na aktivnem oglju - kataliza) SO2 + PCl5 → SOCl2 + POCl3 (SOCl2 - tionilov klorid – je derivat H2SO3) HSO3Cl + H2O → H2SO4 + HCl SO2Cl2 + 2 H2O → H2SO4 + 2 HCl
51
Oksidi in oksospojine selena | SeO2 v vodi
SeO2 + H2O → H2SeO3 (šibka kislina)
52
Oksidi in oksospojine selena | H2SeO3 (čist je trden)
SeO2 + 2 SO2 + 2 H2O → Se + 2 H2SO4 H2SeO3 + 2 SO2 + H2O → 2 H2SO4 + Se
53
Oksidi in oksospojine telurja Telurjev dioksid v kislim in bazičnem
TeO2 + 4 HCl → TeCl4 + 2 H2O TeO2 + 2 NaOH → Na2TeO3 + H2O
54
Oksidi in oksospojine telurja | H2TeO3 iz TeX4
TeX4 + 3 H2O → H2TeO3 + 4 HX
55
Oksidi in oksospojine telurja | H2TeO3 segrejemo
H2TeO3 → TeO2 + H2O
56
Oksidi in oksospojine selena | H2SeO4 je močna kislina in MOČNEJŠI OKSIDANT od H2SO4
H2SeO4 + 2HCl → Cl2 + SeO2 + 2 H2O

Anorganska (14 decks)

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