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Anorganska > 3-HALKOGENI (16. skupina) > Flashcards

3-HALKOGENI (16. skupina) Flashcards

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1
Q

koproporcionacija S

POSKUS - kaj je v vulkanu?

A 
2 H2S + SO2 → 3 S + 2 H2O
2 S(2-) + S(4+) → 3 S(0)
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2
Q

sežig H2S v koksarni

A

2 H2S + 3 O2 → 2 SO2 + 2 H2O
(katalizator boksit)
SO2 + 2 H2S → 3 S + 2 H2O

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3
Q

redukcija sulfatov z ogljikom

A

CaSO4 + 4 C → CaS + 4 CO

⠂sulfid → H2S → SO2

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4
Q

praženje selenidov
redukcija z SO2
(Se je močnejši oksidant od S)

A

2 MSe + 3 O2 → 2 SeO2 + 2 MO (M=kovina)
SeO2 + 2 SO2 + 2 H2O → Se + 2 H2SO4
(nastane rdeči Se) (POSKUS)

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5
Q

halkogeni (razen O2) + H2

počasi; neprimerno

A

S + H2 → H2S (200°C)
Se + H2 → H2Se (>400°C)
Te + 2H → H2Te

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6
Q

LAB: sulfidi + kisline

KIPPOV APARAT

A

FeS + H2SO4 → FeSO4 + H2S

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7
Q

H2S je reducent (s kisikom)

A

2 H2S + 3 O2 → 2 SO2 + 2 H2O

2 H2S + O 2 → 2 S + 2 H2O

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8
Q

H2S + močni oksidanti

plin

A

H2S + Cl2 → 2HCl + S

2 H2S + SO2 → 3 S + 2 H2O

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9
Q

H2S + močni oksidanti

raztopina

A

2 MnO4(-) + 5 H2S + 6 H(+) → 5 S + 2 Mn(2+) + 8 H2O

Cr2O7(2-) + 3 H2S + 8 H(+) → 3 S + 2 Cr(3+) + 7 H2O

H2SO4 + 3 H2S → 4 S + 4 H2O (nastane voda; H2S ne moremo sušiti s H2SO4)

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10
Q

H2S + baza

A

H2S + NaOH → NaHS + H2O
NaHS + NaOH → Na2S + H2O
(dobimo sulfide in hidrogensulfide)

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11
Q

POSKUS

modra galica in H2S

A

CuSO4*5H2O + H2S → CuS + H2SO4 + 5 H2O (CuS = ČRN)

CuS + O2 → CuO + SO2
CuS + H2SO4 → H2S + CuSO4

SO2 + 2 H2S → 3 S + 2 H2O

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12
Q

Protoliza S(2-) iona

A

S(2-) + H2O ↔ HS(-) + OH(-)

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13
Q

H2S v vodi

ne ravno dobro topno

A

H2S + H2O ↔ H3O(+) + HS(-)

HS(-) + H2O ↔ H3O(+) + S(2-)

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14
Q

Nastanek polisulfidov

A

Na2S + (1-x) S → Na2Sx

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15
Q

polisulfide nakisamo

A

Na2Sx + 2 HCl → 2 NaCl + (x-1) S + H2S

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16
Q

polisulfidom damo prebitek kisline

A

Na2Sx + 2 HCl → 2 NaCl + H2Sx

nastanejo POLISULFANI

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17
Q

polisulfan + baza (zelo mala količina)

A

H2Sx → H2S + (x-1) S

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18
Q

gorenje S na zraku

A

S + O2 → SO2
2 SO2 + O2 → SO3

2 S + 3 O2 → SO3 (sumarno)

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19
Q

IND:

SO2 nastane s praženjem rud in pirita

A

2 ZnS + 3 O2 → 2 ZnO + 2 SO2

4 FeS2+ 11 O2 → 2 Fe2O3+ 8 SO2

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20
Q

LAB:

SO2 iz Na2SO3 + močna kislina

A

Na2SO3 + 2 H2SO4 → 2 NaHSO4 + H2O + SO2

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21
Q

LAB:
SO2 iz Cu in H2SO4

(Cu in Ag se NE raztapljata v RAZREDČENIH kislinah)

A

Cu + 2 H2SO4 → CuSO4 + SO2 + 2 H2O

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22
Q

SO2 in voda

A

SO2 + 2 H2O ↔ HSO3(-) + H3O(+)

HSO3(-) + H2O ↔ SO3(2-) + H3O(+)

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23
Q

SO2 je z močnimi oksidanti REDUCENT

A

MnO4(-) + 5 SO2 + 2 H2O + 6 H(+) → 2 Mn(2+) + 5 H2SO4
(roza → prozorno)

Cr2O7(2-) + 3 SO2 + 8 H(+) → Cr(3+) + 3 H2SO4 + H2O
(rumeno → zeleno)

24
Q

SO2 je z močnimi reducenti OKSIDANT

A

2 H2S + SO2 → 3 S + 2 H2O

2 Na + SO2 → Na2O2 + S

25
Q

HSO3(-) segrevamo

A

2 HSO3(-) ↔ S2O5(2-) + H2O

26
Q

SO2 + NaOH

A

SO2 + NaOH → NaHSO3

27
Q

segrevamo NaHSO3

A

2 NaHSO3 → Na2S2O5 + H2O

28
Q

Na2S2O5 + kislina

A

Na2S2O5 + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2 SO2 +2 H2O

S2O5(2-) + 2 H3O(+) → 2 SO2 + 3 H2O

29
Q

segrevamo Na2S2O5 →

A

Na2S2O5 → Na2SO3 + SO2

30
Q

SO3 LAB:

segrevanje konc: H2SO4

A

H2SO4 → SO3 + H2O

31
Q

SO3 LAB:

NaHSO4

A

2 NaHSO4 → Na2S2O7 + H2O

Na2S2O7 → SO3 + Na2SO4

32
Q

SO3 IND:

A

2 SO2 + O2 → SO3

33
Q

H2SO4 IND:

preko SO3

A

2 SO2 + O2 → SO3
SO3 + H2SO4 → oleum
oleum + H2O → H2SO4

sumarno SO3 + H2O → H2SO4

34
Q

H2SO4 IND:
z NO2
(a je to POSKUS)

A

HNO3 + Cu → NO2

SO2 + NO2 + H2O → H2SO4 + NO
2 NO + O2 → 2 NO2 (NO2 se ne porablja)

vmesna stopnja (nitroza):
2 NO2 + H2SO4 → NOHSO4 + HNO3
2 NOHSO4 + SO2 + 2 H2O → 3 H2SO4 + 2 NO (2. reakcija zgoraj je sumarna)

35
Q

H2SO4 + elektrika

A

2 H2SO4 ↔ H2O + H2S2O7
H2SO4 + H2O ↔ H3O(+) + HSO4(-)
2 H2SO4 ↔ H3SO4(+) + HSO4(-)
H2SO4 + H2S2O7 ↔ H3SO4(+) + HS2O7(-)

36
Q

Vroča H2SO4

A

H2SO4 → SO3 + H2O
SO3 → SO2 + O
Cu + 2 H2SO4 → CuSO4 ‘ S O2 + 2 H2O

37
Q

Vroča H2SO4 oksidira kovine

A

2 Ag + 2 H2SO4 → Ag2SO4 + SO2 + 2 H2O

38
Q

H2SO4 + sladkor

A

H2SO4 + sladkor → C + H2O

39
Q

H2SO4 za estrenje

A

CH3COOH + C2H5OH ↔ CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

40
Q

Razredčena H2SO4

A

H2SO4 + H2O → HSO4(-) + H3O(+)

HSO4(-) H2O → SO4(2-) + H3O(+)

41
Q

H2S2O7 (nastane iz oleuma) damo v vodo

A

H2S2O7 + H2O → 2 H2SO4

42
Q

H2S2O7 soli

A

2 NaHSO4 → Na2S2O7 + H2O (150-200°C)

Na2S2O7 + Na2SO4 + SO3 (300°C)

43
Q

Pridobivanje peroksižveplovih kislin

A

H2SO4 → H2S2O8

H2S2O8 + H2O → H2SO4 + H2SO5

44
Q

peroksižveplovi kislini z vodo

A

H2S2O8 + H2O → H2SO4 + H2SO5

H2SO5 + H2O → H2SO4 + H2O2

45
Q

peroksižveplovi kislini dobimo iz HSO3Cl in H2O2

klorosulfonska kislina

A

HSO3Cl + H2O2 → H2SO5 + HCl

HSO3Cl + H2SO5 → H2S2O8 + HCl

46
Q

peroksidisulfati so MOČNI OKSIDANTI

A

Mn(2+) → MnO4(-)

Cr(3+) → CrO4(2-)

47
Q

tiožveplova kislina nastanek

A

Na2SO3 + S → Na2S2O3 (natrijev sulfit → natrijev tiosulfat)
ali
2 NaHS + 4 NaHSO3 → 3Na2S2O3 + 3 H2O (iz SO2, H2S IN NaOH)

48
Q

Na2S2O3 je REDUCENT

A

Na2S2O3 + 4 Cl2 + 5 H2O → 2 NaHSO4 + 8 HCl

2 Na2S2O3 + I2 → 2 NaI + Na2S4O6

2 S2O3(2-) + AgBr → Ag(S2O3)2 + Br(-)

49
Q

Polisulfanmonosulfonske in polisulfandisulfonske kisline

A

H2Sx-1 + SO3 → H2SxO3
x = 3 do 10

H2Sx-2 + 2 SO3 → H2SxO6
x = do 22

50
Q

Halogenski derivati oksokislin žvepla

A

SO3 + HCl → HSO3Cl
SO2 + Cl2 → SO2Cl2 (na aktivnem oglju - kataliza)
SO2 + PCl5 → SOCl2 + POCl3 (SOCl2 - tionilov klorid – je derivat H2SO3)

HSO3Cl + H2O → H2SO4 + HCl
SO2Cl2 + 2 H2O → H2SO4 + 2 HCl

51
Q

Oksidi in oksospojine selena

SeO2 v vodi

A

SeO2 + H2O → H2SeO3 (šibka kislina)

52
Q

Oksidi in oksospojine selena

H2SeO3 (čist je trden)

A

SeO2 + 2 SO2 + 2 H2O → Se + 2 H2SO4

H2SeO3 + 2 SO2 + H2O → 2 H2SO4 + Se

53
Q

Oksidi in oksospojine telurja
Telurjev dioksid
v kislim in bazičnem

A

TeO2 + 4 HCl → TeCl4 + 2 H2O

TeO2 + 2 NaOH → Na2TeO3 + H2O

54
Q

Oksidi in oksospojine telurja

H2TeO3 iz TeX4

A

TeX4 + 3 H2O → H2TeO3 + 4 HX

55
Q

Oksidi in oksospojine telurja

H2TeO3 segrejemo

A

H2TeO3 → TeO2 + H2O

56
Q

Oksidi in oksospojine selena

H2SeO4 je močna kislina in MOČNEJŠI OKSIDANT od H2SO4

A

H2SeO4 + 2HCl → Cl2 + SeO2 + 2 H2O

Anorganska (14 decks)

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