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Anorganska > 4-N,P,As,Sb,Bi (15. skupina) > Flashcards

4-N,P,As,Sb,Bi (15. skupina) Flashcards

make it end soon pls

1
Q

LAB: pridobivanje N2

A

NH4NO2 → N2 + 2 H2O

segrevanje

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2
Q

LAB: pridobivanje P

A

Ca3(PO4)2+ 3 SiO2+ 5 C → 2 P + 3 CaSiO3+ 5 CO

nastane beli fosfor

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3
Q

LAB: As iz arzenopirita

A

FeAsS → FeS + As

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4
Q

LAB: As: praženje S rud

A

2 As2S3 + 9 O2 → 2 As2O3 + 6 SO2

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5
Q

LAB: As: redukcija oksidov

A

As2O3 + 3 C → 2 As + 3 CO

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6
Q

LAB: As (čist) redukcija klorida

A

2 AsCl3 + 3 H2 → 2 As + 6 HCl

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7
Q

LAB: Sb (praženje in redukcija ISTO kot As)

Redukcija sulfidov

A

Sb2S3 + 3 Fe → 3 FeS + 2 Sb

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8
Q

molekularni N in Li

A

6 Li + N2 → 2 Li3N

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9
Q

Ionski nitridi - nastanek

iz npr Mg

A

MNH2 → M2NH → M3N

Mg3N2 + 6 H2O → 3Mg(OH)2 + 2 NH3

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10
Q

Ionski fosfidi + voda

A

Ca3P2 + 6 H2O → 3 Ca(OH)2 + 2 PH3

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11
Q

NH3 direktna sinteza

Haber-Boschev postopek

A

3 H2 + N2 →2 NH3

kataliza z alfa Fe pri 500°C in visok tlak

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12
Q

NH3 iz zraka in vode

A

4 N2 + O2 + 2 C → 4 N2 + 2 CO (eksotermna)
H2O + C → H2 + CO (endotermna)
CO + H2O → CO2 + H2

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13
Q

avtoprotoliza NH3?

A

2 NH3 ↔ NH4(+) + NH2(-)

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14
Q

NH3 raztapljanje

A

NH3 + H2O ↔ NH4(+) + OH(-)

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15
Q

gorenje NH3

A

4 NH3 + 3 O2 → 2 N2 + 6 H2O

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16
Q

Pt katalizirano gorenje NH3

A

4 NH3 + 5 O2 → 4 NO + 6 H2O

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17
Q

segrevanje NH4(+) soli

A

(NH4)2Cr2O7 → Cr2O3+ N2+ 4 H2O
NH4NO2 → N2 + 2 H2O
NH4NO3 → N2O + 2 H2O

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18
Q

HIDRAZIN nastanek

N2H4

A

2 NH3 + NaClO → N2H4 + NaCl + H2O

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19
Q

hidrazin razpad

A

N2H4 + O2 → N2 + 2 H2O

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20
Q 
hidrazin močnejši reducent od NH3
reducira Cu(+) IN Ag(+) soli
A

4 Ag(NH3)2 + N2H4 → 4 Ag + 4 NH3 + 4 NH4(+) + N2

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21
Q

hidrazin PROTOLIZA

je šibkejša baza kot NH3

A

N2H4 + H2O ↔ N2H5(+) + OH(-)

N2H5(+) + H2O ↔ N2H6(2+) + OH(-)

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22
Q

VODIKOV AZID: nastanek

HN3

A

N2H4 + HNO2 → HN3 + 2 H2O

PAZI dušikasta kislina HNO2

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23
Q

vodikov azid je OKSIDANT _ raztaplja Cu

A

Cu + 3 HN3 → Cu(N3)2 + NH3 + N2

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24
Q

FOSFAN nastanek

PH3
DIFOSFAN P2H4

A

Ca3P2 + 6 H2O → 2 PH3 + 3 Ca(OH)2

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25
Q

fosfan je šibka baza

je MOČNEJŠI REDUCENT kot NH3

A

PH3 + H2O ↔ PH4(+) + OH(-)

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26
Q

N2O in H2 = BOOM

A

N2O + H2 → N2 + H2O

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27
Q

redukcija NO

A

2 NO + 5 H2 → 2 NH3 + 2 H2O

katalizator Fe2O3

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28
Q

POSKUS:

hidrazin + AgNO3

A

N2H4 + AgNO3 + NH3 → steklo se obleče s srebrom

29
Q

nastanek N2O

A

NH4NO3 → N2O + 2 H2O

30
Q

N2O3 in voda

A

N2O3 + H2O → 2 HNO2

31
Q

N2O3 razpad

A

N2O3 → NO + NO2

32
Q

N2O4 razpade na ione (s Cu)

A

Cu + 2 N2O4 → Cu(NO3)2 + 2 NO

33
Q

NO2 v vodi

močen oksidant; kot Br

A

2 NO2 + H2O → HNO2 + HNO3

34
Q

NO2 v močni bazi

močen oksidant; kot Br

A

2 NO2 + 2 NaOH → NaNO2 + NaNO3 + H2O

35
Q

N2O5 pridobivanje

iz konc HNO3

A

4 HNO3 + P4O10 → 2 N2O5 + 4 HPO3

36
Q

N2O5 + Na

A

N2O5 + Na →NaNO3 + NO2

37
Q

N2O5 + I2

A

N2O5 + I2 → I2O5 + N2

38
Q

N2O5 v vodi

A

N2O5 + H2O → 2 HNO3

39
Q

N2O5 + H2O2

A

N2O5 + H2O2 → 2 HNO4 (HOONO2)

peroksidušikova kislina

40
Q

N2O5 razpad

A

2 N2O5 → 2N2O4 + O2

N2O4 → 2 NO2

2 NO2 → 2 NO + O2

41
Q

N2O ne reagira z ostalimi (edini ni strupen)

RAZPADE

A

2 N2O → 2 N2 + O2

42
Q

HNO3 pridobivanje (Ostwaldov postopek)

A

4 NH3 + 5 O2 → 4 NO + 6 H2O (Pt T=700°C)

2 NO + O2 → 2 NO2 (hladno)

2 NO2 + H2O → HNO2 + HNO3
3 HNO2 → HNO3 + 2 NO + H2O
2NO + O2 →2 NO2

(sumarno) 4 NO2 + 2 H2O + O2 → 4 HNO3

43
Q

HNO3 (star postopek - ČILSKI SOLITER)

A

NaNO3 + H2SO4 → HNO3 + NaHSO4

44
Q

zlatotopka

A

HNO3 + 3 HCl → NOCl + 2 H2O + 2 Cl

45
Q

HNO3 avtoprotoliza

A

H2NO3 → H2NO3(+) + NO3(-)

46
Q

NaNO3 razpad

A

2 NaNO3 → 2NaNO2 + O2

47
Q

Ca(NO3)2 razpad

isto za Pb

A

2 Ca(NO3)2 → 2 CaO + 4 NO2 + O2

2 Pb(NO3)2 → 2 PbO + 4 NO2 +O2

48
Q

Hg(NO3)2 razpad

A

Hg(NO3)2 → Hg + 2 NO2 + O2

49
Q

NH4NO3 razpad

A

NH4NO3 → N2O + 2 H2O

50
Q

dušikasta kislina nastanek

A

NO2 + NO + H2O → 2 HNO2

51
Q

dušikasta kislina razpad

A

3 HNO2 → HNO3 + 2 NO + H2O (segrevanje)

52
Q

HNO2 je oksidant in reducent

A

KMnO4 → Mn(2+) (reducira)
I(-) → I2 (oksidira)
Fe(2+) → Fe(3+) (oksidira)

53
Q

P gorenje
(malo zraka)
(veliko zraka)

A

P4 + 3 O2 → P4O6 (ta je močen reducent in strupen)

P4 + 5 O2 → P4O10
ali P4O6 + 2 O2 → P4O10 + hV

54
Q

P4O10 in voda = EKSOTERMNO

A

x P4O10 + 2x H2O → 4 (HPO3)x

55
Q

difosforjeva kislina (pridobivanje)

A

2 Na2HPO4 → Na4P2O7 + H2O

(sledi H(+) izmenjava → H4P2O7

56
Q

Peroksidifosforjeva kislina nastanek

A

2 H3PO4 → H4P2O8 + H2 (anodna oksidacija)

57
Q

peroksifosforjeva kislina

A

H4P2O8 + H2O → H3PO5 + H3PO4
ali
P4O10 + 4 H2O2 + 2 H2O → 4 H3PO5

58
Q

Fosfonska kislina nastanek

H3PO3, PIŠI H2PHO3

A

P4O6 + H2O → H3PO3
4 H3PO3 → PH3 + 3 H3PO4 (disproporcionacija zaradi toplote)

bolje:
PCl3 + 3 H2O → H3PO3 + 3 HCl

59
Q

Fosfinska kislina nastanek

H3PO2, PIŠI HPH2O2

A

4 P + 3 KOH + 3 H2O → PH3 + 3 KH2PO2
6 P + 4 KOH + 4 H2O → P2H6 + 4 KH2PO2

bolje:
PH3 + 2 I2 + 2H2O → H3PO2 + 4 HI

60
Q

Fosfinska kislina disproporcionira zaradi višje T

A

3 H3PO2 → PH3 + 2 H3PO3

61
Q

As2O3 je amfoteren

As2O3(aq) je KISEL
Bi2O3(aq) je BAZIČEN

A

As2O3 + 6 HCl → 2 AsCl3 + 3 H2O

As2O3 + 6 NaOH → 2 Na3AsO3 + 3 H2O

62
Q

Sb2O3 in H2SO4

A

Sb2O3 + 3 H2SO4 → Sb2(SO4)3 + H2O

63
Q

As2O5 (nastanek)

A

2 H3AsO4 → As2O5 + 3 H2O (dehidracija)

64
Q

As2O5 razpad (segrevanje)

A

As2O5 → As2O3 + O2

65
Q

P in halogeni (PX3) z vodo

A

PX3 + 3 H2O → H3PO3 + 3 HX

66
Q

S4N4 nastanek

isto As4S4

A

10 S + 4 NH3(l) → S4N4 + 6 H2S

67
Q 
sulfurilov amid (nastanek)
je kislina (lahko odda H(+))
A

2 NH3 + SO3 → (NH2)2SO2 + H2O

68
Q 
sulfurilov imid (nastanek)
je kislina (lahko odda H(+))
A

NH3 + SO3 → NHSO2 + H2O

Anorganska (14 decks)

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