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Anorganska > 5-C,Si,Ge,Sn,Pb (14. skupina) > Flashcards

5-C,Si,Ge,Sn,Pb (14. skupina) Flashcards

1
Q

suha destilacija lesa ali premoga

A

Si + C (saje) → SiC (2000°C)

→ SiC → Si + C (grafit) (2200°C)

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2
Q

Pridobivanje amorfnega Si

A

SiO2 + 2 C → Si + 2CO (2500 ºC)

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3
Q

Alumotermična reakcija

kristalinični silicij

A

SiO2 + Al → Si + Al2O3

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4
Q

Si in raztopina/talina ionskih hidroksidov

A

Si + 2 NaOH + H2O → Na2SiO3 + 2 H2

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5
Q

germanij iz germanita

A

Cu6FeGe2S8 + HNO3 + H2SO4 → GeO2

2 GeO2 + H2 → 2 Ge + H2O

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6
Q

čiščenje Ge

A

GeCl4 + H2O → GeO2

GeO2 + H2 → Ge + H2O

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7
Q

pridobivanje Sn

A

SnO2 + 2 C → Sn + 2 CO

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8
Q

bron

A

Cu + Sn

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9
Q

cin

A

Pb + Sn

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10
Q

Sn + močna kislina

A

Sn + 2 HCl → SnCl2 + H2

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11
Q

Sn + ionski hidroksid

A

Sn + 2 NaOH + 4 H2O → Na2(Sn(OH)6) + 2 H2

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12
Q

Pridobivanje Pb (praženje galenita)

A

2 PbS + 3 O2 → 2 PbO + 2 SO2
PbS + 2 O2 → PbSO4

PbS + 2 PbO → 3 Pb + SO2
PbS + PbSO4 → 2 Pb + 2 SO2

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13
Q

dodatna redukcija pri praženju Pb

A

PbO + CO → Pb + CO2

PbSO4 + 4 C → PbS + 4 CO
2 PbSO4 + 2 SiO2 → 2 PbSiO3 + 2 SO2 + O2
PbSiO3 + CO + CaO → Pb + CaSiO3 + CO2

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14
Q

reakcije fulerenov

A

hidrogeniranje → C60H18, C60H36

fluoriranje → C60F46, C60F48

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15
Q

ionski karbidi (Be2C, Al4C3)

A

Al4C3 + 12 H2O → 4 Al(OH)3 + 3 CH4

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16
Q

C2(2-) acetilidni ion + elementi 1. in 2. skupne (razen Be in Mg) in Zn, Cd

A

CaC2 + 2 H2O → C2H2 + Ca(OH)2

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17
Q

(segrevanje apna z ogljem brez zraka)

A

CaO + C → CaC2

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18
Q

(CaC2 z vodo sprošča)

A

CaC2 + H2O → CaO + C2H2

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19
Q 
nastanek silanov (Mg2Si + kisl.)
podobno še germani do n=5 in stanana n=1,2
A

Mg2Si + 4 HCl → 2 MgCl2 + SiH4

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20
Q

nastanek silanov iz SiCl4

A

SiCl4 + Li(AlH4) → SiH4 + LiCl + AlCl3

vedno nastane zmas silanov!!! n=1→10

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21
Q

silani + voda

A

SiH4 + 2 H2O → SiO2 + 4 H2

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22
Q

silani + zrak = FIRE!

A

SiH4 + 2 O2 → SiO2 + 4 H2O

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23
Q

ravnotežje 1 (CO)

A

2 CO(g) ↔ C(s) + CO2(g) (ΔH° = - 172 kJ)

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24
Q

vodni plin

A

C(s) + H2O(g) → H2(g) + CO(g) (ΔH° = 131,1 kJ)

CO(g) + H2O(g) → H2(g) + CO2(g) (ΔH° = -41,1 kJ)

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25
Q

CO2 + močen reducent

A

Co2(g) + 2 Mg(s) → C(s) + 2 MgO(s)

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26
Q

Co2 in voda

A

Co2(aq) + H2O →H2CO3

počasno

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27
Q

protoliza H2CO3

A 
H2CO3 + H2O ↔ H3O(+) + HCO3(-)
(hitro → samo prva stopnja protolize)
Ka1 = 1,7*10^(-4)
Ka2 = 4,9*10^(-11)
→ srednje močna kislina
28
Q

ocetna kislina + voda

A

CH3COOH(aq) + H2O ↔ H3O(+) + CH3COO(-)

v trenutku

29
Q

NH3 + voda

A

NH3(aq) + H2O ↔ NH4(+) + OH(-)

30
Q

SO2 + voda

A

SO2(aq) + 2 H2O ↔ H3O(+) + HSO3(-)

31
Q

karbonati + hidrogenkarbonati v vodi s CO2

A

CaCO3 + CO2(aq) + H2O ↔ Ca(HCO3)2

32
Q

pridobivanje Na2CO3

A

2NaCl + CaCO3 → Na2CO3
+ CaCl2 (sumarno!!)

CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2

NaCl + NH3 + CO2 + H2O → NaHCO3 + NH4Cl
2 NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2

2 NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2 → 2NH3 + CaCl2 + H2O

33
Q

CO je anhidrid metanojske kiline

A

HCOOH → CO + H2O

34
Q

fozgen iz CO

A

CO + Cl2 →COCl2

35
Q

metanol iz CO

A

CO + 2 H2 → CH3OH

36
Q

CO z maanj H2

A

CO + H2 → zmes ogljikovodikov

37
Q

nastanek silicijeve kisline (1)

A

SiCl4 + 4 H2O → H4SiO4 + 4 HCl

38
Q

nastanek silicijeve kisline (2)

A

Na2SiO3 + 2 HCl + H2O → H4SiO4 + 2 NaCl

39
Q

SiO2 reagira samo s HF!

A

SiO2 + 4 HF → SiF4 + 2 H2O

40
Q

SiO2 + hidroksidi v talinah

A

SiO2(l) + 2 NaOH(l) → Na2SiO3(l) + H2O

41
Q

pridobivanje GeO2

A

Ge + O2 → GeO2 (segrevanje)

42
Q

GeO2 + HCl

A

GeO2 + 4 HCl → GeCl4 +2 H2O

43
Q

kasiterit SnO2

A

SnO2 + 4 H3O(+) + Cl(-) → SnCl6 + H2O

SnO2 + 2 OH(-) + 2 H2O → Sn(OH)6

44
Q

PbO in HCl

A

PbO + 2 HCl → PbCl2 + H2O

45
Q

PbO in OH(-)

A

PbO + 3 OH(-) → Pb(OH)3

46
Q

pridobivanje PbO

A

2 Pb + O2 → 2 PbO

47
Q

pridobivanje PbO2

A

Pb(2+) + 2 ClO(-) → PbO2 + Cl2

48
Q

PbO2 je močen oksidant

A

PbO2 + Mn(2+) → MnO4(-)

49
Q

PbO2 + hidroksidi (je topen v njih)

A

PbO2 + 6 OH(-) → Pb(OH)6

50
Q

PbO2 + kisline (H2SO4)

A

2 PbO2 + 2 H2SO4 → 2 PbSO4 + 2 H2O + O2

51
Q

PbO2 + kisline (HNO3)

A

2 PbO2 + 4 HNO3 → 2 Pb(NO3)2 + 2 H2O + O2

52
Q

PbO2 + kisline (HCl)

A

2 PbO2 + 4 HCl → 2 PbCl2 + 2 H2O + O2 (vroča HCl!!!!)

PbO2 + 4 HCl → PbCl4 + H2O (mrzla HCL!!!!!)

53
Q

Pb3O4 in HNO3

A

Pb3O4 + 4 HNO3 → 2 Pb(NO3)2 + PbO2 + 2 H2O

54
Q

sinteza CF4

A

CaCN2 + 3 F2 →((CsF_25°C)) → CF4 + CaF2 + N2

55
Q

sinteza CCl4

A

CS2 + 3 Cl2 →((Fe))→ CCl4 + S2Cl2

56
Q

sinteza C2F4 (ta tvori teflon)

A

CHCl3 + 2 HF →((HF, SbF5))→ CHClF2 + 2 HCl

2 CHF2Cl → C2F4 + 2 HCl (700°C)

57
Q

nastanek fosgena

A

CO + Cl2 →((aktivno oglje))→ COCl2

58
Q

sinteza SiF4

A

SiO2 + 4 HF → SiF4 + 2 H2O

59
Q

SiF4 je reaktiven z vodo

A

3 SiF4 + 2 H2O → 2 H2[SiF6] + SiO2

60
Q

nastanek SiCl4

A

SiO2 + 2 C + 2 Cl2 → SiCl4 + 2 CO

61
Q

segrevanje PbCl4

A

PbCl4 → PbCl2 + Cl2

62
Q

sinteza CS2

A

CH4 + 2 S →((Al2O3, 700°C))→ CS2 + 2 H2

63
Q

nastanek (CN)2

A

Hg(CN)2(s) + HgCl2(s) →((200°C))→ (CN)2(g) + Hg2Cl2

64
Q

(CN)2 in hidroksidi

A

(CN)2(g) + 2 OH(-) → CN(-)(aq) + OCN(-)(aq) + H2O

65
Q

sinteza HCN

A

CH4 + NH3 → HCN(g) + 3 H2 ((1200→1300°C))

66
Q

HCN + Na

A

2 HCN(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) → 2 NaCN(aq) + H2O + CO2

67
Q

sinteza Si3N4 (več stopenj!)

A

SiCL4 + 4 NH3 → Si(NH2)4 + 4 HCl
Si(NH2)4 →Δ→ Si(NH)2
Si(NH)2 →Δ→ Si3N4

Anorganska (14 decks)

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