6 - analysis of movement Flashcards
What are articulations?
Joints
Define the agonist mucles
The muscle/muscle group which is mainly responsible for the movement
What isometric contraction?
muscle contraction but not movement occurs
eg, wall sit
What isotonic contraction?
muscle changes length when contracting
movement is brought about
What is a concentric contraction?
A muscle shortening as it contracts
What is eccentric contraction
A muscle lengthening as it contracts
What is the sagittal plane?
the plane the splits the body into left and right
What is the frontal plane?
the plane that splits the body into front and back
What is the transverse plane?
The plane that splits the body into top and bottom
What is the frontal axis?
The axis that passes from from front to back
What is the transverse axis?
The axis that passes from side to side
What is the longitudinal axis ?
The axis that passes from top to bottom
What are the pairs of planes and axis?
Sagittal plane and transverse axis.
Frontal plane and frontal axis
Transverse plane and longitudinal axis
What movement does the sagittal plane and transverse axis make?
Flexion and extension movements
Forwards and backwards movements
What Movements does the frontal plane and frontal axis make?
Adduction and Abduction
Side to side movements
What movements does the transverse plane and longitudinal axis make?
Rotational movements
Name the types of joint and where to find them?
Hinge - Elbow, knee
Ball & Socket - Shoulder, Hip
Describe plantarflexion and dorsiflexion
Plantarflexion is point the toes towards the ground
Dorsiflexion is pointing the toes towards the sky
Define hyper-extension
When the angle between the bone and the joint exceeds 180
Define horizontal hyper extension
When the arm is taken back behind the shoulder but parallel to the ground. (preparing the do an overarm throw)
Describe horizontal flexion and extension
(ARM)
Horizontal extension - moving arm away from your body when it is horizontal
Flexion - moving in across your body horizontally
What are articulating bones?
Bones that meet at a joint
Describe a first class lever
The fulcrum lies in the middle.
Describe a second class lever
The resistance lies in the middle
Describe a third class lever
The effort lies in the middle
Describe the way to remember what lever is working.
123, FRE
This tells you what factor lies in the middle of each lever.
1 is the fulcrum
2 is the resistance
3 is the effort
What are the fulcrum, resistance and effort in a level?
Fulcrum - Joint
Effort - the muscle
Resistance - the weight you’re moving
Give examples of each lever.
1st class lever - throwing, pressups, headstand to handstand.
2nd class- only occurs at the foot/ankle , running, kicking, jumping.
3rd class- bicep curl,
Define the force arm
Distance of the force/effort/muscle from the fulcrum.
Define resistance arm
The distance between the resistance and the fulcrum
What’s the mechanical advantage and disadvantage of having a short force arm but a long resistance arm?
A short force arm means it can apply much force to move the object, its not very strong.
A long resistance arm means that a large range of movement, and can lift object quickly
Eg) in a 3rd class lever, you can lift a lot of weight but you can do it quickly
