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Term 5: Behavioral Science > 6/8- Bullying > Flashcards

6/8- Bullying Flashcards

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1
Q

When does bullying peak in the US?

A

Middle school

  • Going into 6th grade (into middle school)
  • Coming out of 8th grade (out of middle school)
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2
Q

What is bullying?

A

Aggressive behavior that is intentional, repeated over time, and involves and imbalance of power or strength

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3
Q

What is cyberbullying?

A

One child or teen harasses another child or teen using electronic media

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4
Q

What is cyberharrassment?

A

An adult harasses a child or teen on electronic media

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5
Q

What are some myths about bullying?

A

It is just a stage, a normal part of life

  • Bullying is NOT normal or socially acceptable

You should just stand up for yourself and hit them back

  • May sometimes be forced to defend themselves, but hitting back typically makes bullying worse; also 0 tolerance policies

Bullying often resolves itself when you ignore it

  • Ignoring the bullying teaches students who bully that they can bully others without consequences
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6
Q

Characteristics of a bully?

A
  • Externalizing behaviors
  • Trouble resolving problems with others
  • Has trouble academically
  • Negative attitudes and beliefs about others
  • Feels negatively toward him/herself
  • Can have inflated sense of self
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7
Q

Characteristics of a victim?

A
  • Internalizing behaviors
  • Lacks social skills
  • Thinks negative thoughts
  • Experiences difficulties in solving social problems
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8
Q

Characteristics of a bully-victim?

A
  • Internalizing and externalizing behaviors
  • Negative attitudes and beliefs about self and others
  • Trouble with social interaction
  • Does not have good social problem-solving skills
  • Performs poorly academically
  • Rejected and isolated by peers
  • Negatively influenced by the peers group
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9
Q

Most of ___ (age group) experience bullying worldwide?

A

Majority of 13 year olds worldwide experience bullying

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10
Q

__% of US students experience bullying

A

33% of US students experience bullying

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11
Q

Male:

__% of male students are bullies

__% of male students are victims

Female:

__% of female students are bullies

__% of female students are victims

A

Male:

22% of male students are bullies

24% of male students are victims

Female

15% of female students are bullies

19% of female students are victims

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12
Q

Major types of bullying (and %)? Ex?

More in girls or boys?

A

Physical (21%): hitting, punching, shoving

  • Boys > girls

Verbal (54%): name-calling, harsh teasing

  • Boys > girls

Social (relational) (51%): spreading rumors, leaving people out on purpose, breaking up friendships

  • Girls > boys

Cyberbullying (14%): using the internet, mobile phones or other digital technologies to harm others; especially awful b/c kids can’t get away

  • Boys > girls

[percentages are for 6th-10th graders)

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13
Q

Other forms of bullying?

A
  • Racism
  • Sexism
  • Classism
  • Ageism
  • Xenophobia
  • Homophobia
  • Religious intolerance
  • People with disabilities
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14
Q

Risk factors for bullying?

A
  • Society
  • Community
  • Family
  • Individual
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15
Q

Do bullies typically have high or low self-esteem?

A

Bullies may have either high or low self-esteem, they just don’t place value on other people

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16
Q

Individual risk factors for being a bully?

A
  • Middle school transition
  • Poor/superior social skills
  • Conduct problems
  • Depression
17
Q

Individual risk factors for victim?

A
  • Ethnic or religious minority
  • LGBT
  • Poor social skills
  • Poor school performance
  • Disability
  • Depression
18
Q

Peer group risk factors?

A

Friends who bully

  • “Birds of a feather flock together”
  • Peer group phenomenon

Delinquency

  • Strongest predictor of bullying and victimization
  • Anti-social behaviors (vandalism, gangs, weapons)

Alcohol/drug use:

  • Aggressive bullying
  • Lifetime alcohol and drug use
19
Q

Family risk factors?

A
  • Low family cohesion
  • Little warmth
  • Absent fathers
  • High power needs
  • Physical abuse
  • Domestic abuse
  • Permit aggression
  • Physical abuse
  • Poor family functioning
  • Authoritative parenting
  • Hostile mothers
  • Powerless mothers
  • Uninvolved parents

* If you live in a family that allows intolerance

20
Q

Community risk factors: neighborhoods?

A

Higher bullying risk:

  • Unsafe
  • Violent
  • Disorganized

Lower bullying risk:

  • Safe
  • Connected
21
Q

Community risk factors: schools?

A

Classroom factors:

  • Negative peer friendships
  • Poor teacher-student relationships
  • Lack of self-control
  • Poor problem-solving

Misinformed teachers

Unsupportive or punitive school climate

Academic disengagement

Lack of school belonging

Adults fail to act

22
Q

Societal risk factors: media?

A
  • Media violence correlates with aggression and antisocial behavior
  • Dose of playing mature video games predicts greater risk of being a bully in middle schoolers
  • Violent video games correlate with higher rates of aggression
23
Q

Societal risk factors: intolerance?

A
  • Homophobia
  • Sexism
  • Racism
  • Classism
  • Ageism
  • Religious intolerance
  • Xenophobia
24
Q

Warning signs of bullying (being a bully)?

A
  • Becomes violent with others
  • Gets into physical/verbal fights with others
  • Gets sent to principal’s office or detention a lot
  • Has extra money or new belongings that cannot be explained
  • Is quick to blame others
  • Will not accept responsibility for their actions
  • Has friends who bully others
  • Needs to win or be best at everything
25
Q

Warning signs of bullying (being a victim)?

A
  • Comes home with damaged or missing clothing or other belongings
  • Reports losing items such as books, electronics, clothing, or jewelry
  • Loses interest in school work or begins to do poorly in school
  • Has unexplained injuries
  • Complains frequently of headaches, stomachaches, or feeling sick
  • Has trouble sleeping or has frequent bad dreams
  • Is afraid of going to school or other activities with peers
26
Q

Outcomes of being a bully? being a victim? being a bystander?

A

Bully:

  • If a kid was a bully in the 6th grade, there was a 60% chance of having a criminal conviction by the age of 24 (?)
  • Childhood bullies often grow up to be perpetrators of domestic abuse or workplace bullies

Victim:

  • Higher chances of anxiety and depression

Bystander:

  • Higher chances of anxiety and depression
27
Q

What is workplace bullying?

A

One person or group of people in a workplace single out another person for unreasonable, embarrassing, or intimidating treatment

  • Authority figure who feels threatened by the victim
  • Immature co-worker Hostile work-environment
28
Q

__% of workers have experienced bullying firsthand

  • __% of bullies are men
  • __% of targets are women
  • __% of bullying is same-gender harassment
A

35% of workers have experienced bullying firsthand

  • 62% of bullies are men

- 58% of targets are women

- 68% of bullying is same-gender harassment

29
Q

Outcomes of workplace bullying?

A
  • 40% quite their job
  • 71% sought medical treatment (CV problems)
  • 63% sought mental health treatment (anxiety, panic attacks, depression, PTSD, contemplation of suicide)
30
Q

Types of adults who bully?

A
  • Narcissistic adult bully: self-centered, no empathy
  • Impulsive adult bully: spontaneous, no restraint
  • Physical adult bully: threaten harm, steal property
  • Verbal adult bully: start rumors, use sarcasm, demean
  • Secondary adult bully: does not initiate but joins in
31
Q

Examples of workplace bullying?

A
  • Shouting/swearing at employee or otherwise verbally abusing him/her
  • One employee being singled out for unjustified criticism or blame
  • An employee being excluded from company activities
  • Having his or her work or contributions purposefully ignored
  • Language or actions that embarrass or humiliate an employee
  • Practical jokes, especially if they occur repeatedly to the same person
32
Q

Consequences/outcomes for the bully?

A
  • Higher risk of abusing alcohol and other drugs
  • More likely to get into fights, vandalize property, and drop out of school
  • More likely to engage in early sexual activity
  • More likely to have low job status as adults
  • More likely to have criminal convictions and traffic citations as adults (60% of male bullies in middle school had a criminal conviction by age 24)
  • More likely to abuse other as adults (romantic partners, spouses, children)
33
Q

Consequences/outcomes for the victim?

A
  • Higher risk of depression and anxiety
  • Increased risk of suicidality (bullycide- suicide caused from the results of bullying)
  • More health complaints
  • Increased risk of academic deterioration
  • More likely to have violent retaliation
34
Q

Consequences/outcomes for the bystander?

A
  • Have increased use of tobacco, alcohol, or other drugs
  • Have increased mental health problems, including depression and anxiety
  • Are more likely to miss or skip school
35
Q

Societal cost of bullying?

A
  • Missed school days (8% of middle school kids skipped 1+ day for fear of bullying)
  • Medical costs
  • Mental health
  • School drop out
  • Workplace bullying (lost time/productivity)
36
Q

Methods to stop bullying in schools? What doesn’t work?

A

What works:

  • Focus on school social environment (asses bullying in the school)
  • Garner staff and parent support (train staff in bullying prevention)
  • Intervene consistently and appropriately
  • Focus on weekly bullying prevention activities

What doesn’t work:

  • Zero tolerance policies (may discourage students from reporting)
  • Conflict resolution and peer mediation (sends mixed message to bully and victim)
  • Group treatment for bullies (behaviors may worsen with peer modeling)
37
Q

Who do you call if child is suicidal from bullying?

A

911- ask for mental health officer

38
Q

What are the 4 domains of pediatrician skills for AAP policy statement on youth violence prevention?

A
  • Clinical practice
  • Advocacy
  • Education
  • Research
39
Q

What 3 questions can you ask patients (kids)?

A
  • Do you see kids picking on kids? (bystander)
  • Do kids pick on you? (target/victim)
  • Do you pick on kids? (bully)

Term 5: Behavioral Science (24 decks)

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