6-3. Bone Disorders, Fractures, and Markings Flashcards
osteoporosis
a group of diseases in which old bone is broken down faster than it can be replaced by new bone. This reduces bone mass, making the bones susceptible to fracture
What bones are most vulnerable in osteoporosis?
neck of femur (hip), vertebrae (compression fracture)
What are some prevention methods for osteoporosis?
get enough calcium when bones are still increasing in density, weight bearing exercise, Vitamin D, avoid soda
HRT
hormone replacement therapy; slows down bone loss, but doesn’t reverse it. Dangers: heart attack, stroke, breast cancer
Rickets
caused by insufficient dietary calcium or Vitamin D deficiency in children. Osteoid is produced, but calcium salts are not deposited causing bones to soften and weaken.
What are the treatments for Rickets?
Vitamin D fortified milk and sunlight
Osteomalacia
“bone softening” - lack of calcium or vitamin D in adult diet. This results in a loss of calcium from bones, which become soft and weak. Main symptom is pain when putting weight on bones
___ is a bone softening disease in children and ___ is a bone softening disease in adults.
Rickets; Osteomalacia
Osteomyelitis
an inflammation of bone caused by pus-forming bacteria that enter the body via a wound (eg. compound fracture) or spread from an infection near the bone (eg. from an abcessed tooth)
What are the symptoms of osteomyelitis?
acute pain and fever, join stiffness, bone destruction and limb shortening
What are the treatments for osteomyelitis?
antibiotics, drain abcess, remove dead bone fragments
osteosarcoma
a form of bone cancer arising in a long bone and usually in young people. It grows quickly, coroding the bone, and may metastacize to the lungs, often resulting in death. If detected early, survival rate is 50%
What are the symtoms of osteosarcoma?
visible swelling accompanied by pain
What is the treatment for osteosarcoma?
amputation of the affected limb followed by chemotherapy
maligmant myeloma
the most common malignancy of bone. Cancer fills the marrow cavity and interferes with the production of blood cells. This results in anemia as well as osteoporosis and bone fractures. It is more common in middle aged adults, in women more than men.
