Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P 1 - Unit 2 > 6-1. Bones and Skeletal Tissue > Flashcards

6-1. Bones and Skeletal Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of bone?

A
  1. SUPPORT (for soft body tissues, gives body shape)
  2. PROTECTION (of delicate internal organs (eg. brain, heart))
  3. MOVEMENT (muscles use bones as levers to move body parts)
  4. MINERAL STORAGE (bones are reservoirs for calcium and phosphate)
  5. BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION (hematopoiesis; most blood cells are formed in bone marrow)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What tissues make up bones?

A

cartilage and bone tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bones themselves are ___.

A

organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the types of cartilage?

A

hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilege

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the primary components of cartilage?

A

chondrocytes
extracellular matrix made of a jelly like ground substance with collagen and/or elastic fibers
no blood vessels or nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The embryonic skeleton is initial made of up __ and __, but most is soon replaced by ___.

A

cartilage and fibrous membranes; bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is cartilage found in the adult skeleton?

A

regions where more flexibility is required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are 5 places where hyaline cartilage is found in the adult skeleton?

A
  1. articular cartilage - covers ends of bones at movable joints
  2. costal cartilage - connects ribs to sternum
  3. laryngeal cartilage - framework of voicebox
  4. tracheal and bronchial cartilage - keeps airways from collapsing
  5. nasal cartilage - tip of nose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found in the adult skeleton?

A

external ear and epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found in the adult skeleton?

A

intervertebral discs
pubic symphysis
menisci of knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some types of bone cells?

A

osteoblasts > osteocytes

osteoclasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

osteoblast

A

bone building cells that secrete matrix around themselves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

osteocyte

A

mature bone cells that maintain bone matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

osteoclasts

A

break down bone matrix from areas where it’s deteriorating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is bone matrix made of?

A

inorganic parts - mineral salts (primarily calcium phosphate) in tightly packed crystals - make up 65% of bone by weight and give it hardness

organic parts - osteoid - made of ground substance and collagen fibers forming a framework for calcium salts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

osteoid

A

organic part of the bone matrix, made from ground substance and collagen fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why is bone porous?

A

carry blood vessels and nerves to supply nutrients

make bones lighter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bone can be classified as either _ or _, based on _.

A

compact or spongey; the distribution and size of the pores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the classifications of bone (by shape)?

A

long bones
short bones
flat bones
irregular bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

long bones

A

longer than they are wide, consist of a shaft with two ends (eg. humerous, femur)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

short bones

A

about equal in length and width, roughly cube shaped (eg. carpals)

22
Q

flat bones

A

thin flattened but often a bit curved (eg. sternum, cranium)

23
Q

irregular bones

A

bones that don’t fit the other categories (eg. vertebrae)

24
Q

diaphysis

A

tubular shaft; thick collar of compact bone surrounding central cavity

25
Q

medullary cavity

A

hollow cavity running length of diaphysis; filled with adipose in adults (yellow marrow)

26
Q

epiphysis

A

enlarged end, filled with spongey bone inside; have a proximal and a distal epiphysis

27
Q

periosteum

A

shiny white membrane covering outer surface except at joints

28
Q

endosteum

A

membrane lining the internal bone cavities

29
Q

articular cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage covering the epiphysis at joints

30
Q

epiphyseal line

A

between the diaphysis and each epiphysis of an adult bone. it is what remains of the epiphysial plate

31
Q

epiphysial plate

A

a region of bone growth in children

32
Q

The _ lines the outer surface of bones except at _.

A

periosteum; joints

33
Q

The _ lines the internal bone cavities.

A

endosteum

34
Q

compact bone

A

dense tissue containing few spaces - found in the diaphysis of long bones, helping them to resist stress, and covers the surface of all bones

35
Q

The diaphysis of long bones is made primarily of __.

A

compact bone

36
Q

The epiphysis of long bone is filled with __

A

spongey bone

37
Q

__ covers the surface of all bones.

A

compact bone

38
Q

Haversian System (osteon)

A

structural unit of adult compact bone; elongated cylinder (“tree trunks”)

39
Q

Volkmann’s Canals

A

carry blood vessels and nerves from periosteum to interior (horizontal)

40
Q

Haversian Canals

A

rung lengthwise thru center of osteons, carry blood vessels (vertical)

41
Q

lamellae

A

concentric rings of hard, calcified matrix around each Haversian Canal

42
Q

lacunae

A

small cavities between lamellae where osteocytes are housed

43
Q

canaliculi

A

tiny canals that connect osteocytes to each other and to Haversian Canals; provide routes for nutrients

44
Q

spongy bone

A

found inside short, flat and irregular bones, and within the epiphyses of long bones

45
Q

Short bones are made primarily of _.

A

spongy bone

46
Q

Flat bones are made primarily of _.

A

spongy bone

47
Q

Irregular bones are made primarily of _.

A

spongy bone

48
Q

Spongy bone / contain Haversian Systems/osteons.

A

does not

49
Q

trabeculae

A

needle like spikes of bone that form along lines of stress; spaces between are filled with red bone marrow (where blood cells are produced)

Osteocytes lie in lacunae within the trabeculae and are nourished directly by blood from capillaries in the surrounding endosteum

50
Q

Short, flat and irregular bones all consist of thin plates of ____-covered ____ bone on the outside and ___-covered ____ bone within.

A

periosteum-covered compact bone

endosteum-covered spongy bone (called diploe)

A&P 1 - Unit 2 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions