6/16 Flashcards
Taylorella
Reportable dz
Taylorella equigenitalis
gram neg
Taylorella equigenitalis species
horses
male shows no symptoms, no immunity
mare CEM immunity
CEM
contagious equine metritis - STD
only female has symptoms
Metritis
asymtomatic carriers highly contagious temporary infertility
poor environmental resistance
max 2 days in fridge- will die, care with sampling for dx
Taylorella
bacterial sampling of stallion
Taylorella equigenitalis sampling of stallion
prepuce
fossa glandis/ sinus urethralis
urethra
RUSH TO LAB- more than 2 days all the other bact will grow Taylorella will die
Taylorella equigenitalis sampling mare
sinussen
clitoris
Culture Taylorella equigenitalis
capnophilic long incubation
TAKE CARE OF YOUR SAMPLE
Dx Taylorella equigenitalis
PCR*
Biochemical testing
Prevention Taylorella equigenitalis
eliminate positive animals from breeding, carriers
hard to sanitize
vax poor
Taylorella equigenitalis uterine inf
remain carriers
antibiotics not very successful at clearing…will resolve on their own
self limiting
Brucella
gram negative small nonmotile obligate symbiotic, resistant obligate pathogen, facultative intracellular*** difficult to culture REPORTABLE
B.melitensis
several animal species mainly goat and sheep
b. abortus
cattle
b. suis
swine (as well as wildlife)
Brucella
High genetic homology- creates problems with dx
B.melitensis
sheep and goat
principle cause of human brucellosis
B.abortus
many countries have eradicated,
very contagious
Brucella serology testing
be aware of y.enterocolitica false positive
spread of Brucella
abortion via female, highly contagious. Fetus and placenta contain huge amounts of bacteria
can spread through dogs and horses
Brucella abortus
incidence in humans,
high prevalence in Mongolia
eradicated in the USA
Brucella abortus pathogenesis
mucosa, oral, wounds
spread to regional lymph nodes then further spread to other LN (intracellular in macrophages for 1-6 wks) No symptoms no immune response, then to target organs (symptoms develop) repro organs, articulations
Brucella abortus
calves that survive become carrier
dont drink raw milk in endemic areas
Brucella abortus symptoms
intermittent fever 3-4 wks
Brucella abortus virulence
cell wall w/ LPS
thicker peptidoglycan
erythritol- responsible for organ localization ( repro and mamm)
smooth colonies
virulence increased
more pathogenic and zoonosis
not a stable phenotype
melitenis,
immune rxn Brucella abortus
come late, cellular immunity 1st (abnormal)
when immunity goes down- pregnancy- bacteria start multiplication and release from cells, abortion or transfer to fetus
vaccination Brucella abortus
need cellular immunity -
dx Brucella abortus
slow agglutination
rapid agglutination - rose bengal
cft
ELISA
Skin test- swelling rxn because of cytokine production not recommended by OIE. EU regulation only to prove false positive rxns.
detect cellular immunity - IFN-gamma produced if cells have been primed ($$$)
Bacteriology
culture Brucella abortus
grow on specific media
needs 10-20% co2
produce h2s
primary isolation 4-7d incubation
false positives
b. suis
y. enterocolitica
Tests order
- saw
- elisa
- skin test
Brucella suis
pigs
Brucella suis
similar to abortus…. resistant in the environment
reportable
present in wildlife (boars) hunters often infected
eradicated in domesticated swine (us cananda eu)
Biovars
5
difficult to discriminate
most pathogenic 1-3
different reservoirs, hare, reindeer, pigs
5 genetically similar to marine species
have been reported in cows, confused with abortus false pos.
Brucella suis symptoms
reproduction system , orchitis, infertility, arthritis in PIGS
more pathogeneis for humans
all general symptoms long term illness
fever arthritis
Brucella suis pathogenesis
skin oral nasal
localization in l. nodes in macrophages, antibodies produced later on
organ invation
Brucella suis immunity
cellular humoral
carriers in macrophages
