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Question 1

yersinia pestis

Answer 1

bubonic plague
pneumonic
septicaemic

Question 2

epidemiology of y. pestis

Answer 2

fleas of wild rodents (prairie dogs)
killed 25% of london (population without antibiotics)
1st epidemiological study
weaponized

Question 3

virulence of y. pestis

Answer 3

capsule
toxins
iron acquisition

many located on plasmids

Question 4

endemic areas y. pestis

Answer 4

w. n. america, s. asia southern and west africa

mainly in warm monthes temp above 27 degrees stops production of coagulase that blocks flea proventriculus

Question 5

reservoir

Answer 5

tolerant rodent

Question 6

transmission y. pestis

Answer 6

flea- or airbourne
multiplication in proventriculus
oral in cats (ingestion of inf rodents) 
human: flea, contact of dead animals
aerosol transmission (pnuemonic form)

Question 7

pathogenesis y. pestis

Answer 7

fleas feed from inf host
bact block preoventriculus and contaminates feeding site
bacteria killed and inflammation
some survive in macrophages
secrete proteins to protect against phagocytosis

Question 8

cats y. pestis

Answer 8

after ingestion of inf pray
fever depression sneezing cough CNS disturbance, lyphadenitis, tonsillitis, cranial and cervical edema, pneumonia, mortality

Question 9

y. pestis tx

Answer 9

very little resistance- Antibiotics

Question 10

Yersina psuedotuberculosis

Answer 10

closely related to y. pestis
zoonotic
facultative intracellular
gram -
cell wall endotoxin
adhesins
toxins on plasmids
iron uptake

Question 11

Yersina psuedotuberculosis- pathogenesis

Answer 11

birds rodents SEPSIS invades other tissues beyond the mesenteric lymph nodes
humans- oral uptake lyphoid tissue of intestine- colic

Question 12

Yersina psuedotuberculosis in birds

Answer 12

fat liver dz, outdoor birds, transmitted by wild rodent s and birds.
apathy, reduced feed intake, and eventually diarrhea
ACUTE: large spleen w/ foci , enlarged liver
SUB and CHRONIC: very large spleen with foci of necrosis same with liver also on ceca and lungs

Question 13

Yersina psuedotuberculosis dx

Answer 13

culture.
dx via necropsy
tx with antimicrobials chronic cases difficult (intracellular)
require long treatment, will excrete and increase inf pressure better to cull
occasionally in back yard turkeys (high mortality in young animals) acute sepsis with enteritis

Question 14

Yersina enterocolitica

Answer 14

ileitis,
zoonosis: colic and diarrhea in human
serotype 09. cross rxn in serology with brucellosis

Question 15

Yersina ruckeri

Answer 15

enteric red mouth dz of fish
systemic
salmon, trout

Question 16

Shigella

Answer 16

Shiga toxin (closely related to e.coli)

Question 17

providencia

Answer 17

opprotuistic pathogen of humans

mainly contamination

Question 18

Citrobacter, enterobacter

Answer 18

lots of AB resistance (penicillin and cephalosporins)

Question 19

Proteus

Answer 19

swarming bacteria (swirl on plate) 
post mortem- grows very well, contaminate
facultative
otitis and cystitis in dogs
infecting ears after treatment

Question 20

otitis in dogs

Answer 20

horizontal canal
dirty ears, inflamed ears
can dx in the clinic with methylene blue
blue "droplets"
larger
malassezia pachydermatitis
eliminate primary cause - foreign body

Question 21

Morganella morganii

Answer 21

guinea pigs

Question 22

pseudomonas

Answer 22

secondary inf. 
very resistant- lives in the environment
gram neg rods motile obligate aerobic
saprophytic
mainly in water
many species
can adapt to humid hospital environments

Question 23

P. aeruginosa

Answer 23

facultative symbiotic
easy grower- smelly candy sweet
large colonies
blueish green pigmentation
lactose negative
oxidase positive

Question 24

virulence P. aeruginosa

Answer 24

adherence - colonize on damaged surface
endotoxin LPS - tissue destruction
biofilm 
capsule
iron aquisition

Question 25

P. aeruginosa

Answer 25

cold blooded animals
secondary in mammals and birds

drinking water, humidity, reduced immunity
skin inf- rabbits (sleeping under water) and sheep “fleece rot”
microbiota disturbances
burn wound patients (humid)

Question 26

P. aeruginosa in cats and dogs

Answer 26

pyoderma, cystitis, otitis externa, purulent processes (blue green pus), cornea ulcus

Question 27

P. aeruginosa in horses

Answer 27

metritis vaginitis

eye- after tx with antibiotics and steroids.