6/11 Flashcards
psuedemonas and mastitis
can cause mortality
pseudomonas aeruginosa in reptiles
necrotic stomatits. pneumonia, septicemia
secondary to poor housing
parrots and parrakeets pseudomonas aeruginosa
2ndary
eye
airway- pneumonia
origin drinking water (biofilm formation)
pseudomonas aeruginosa galliformes
water supply
localized in oviduct of turkeys if they dont die
contamination of eggs
pseudomonas enter eggs and make them explode via H2S gas production
neonatal mortality
complication of viral infection especially when the viral inf is treated with antibiotics
pseudomonas aeruginosa treatment
take away the cause
use antibiotics consider conditions and animal species.
consider culling (dairy cow)
careful with Blactams
use anti pseudomonas (cefoperazone)
most of the animals die (except with otitis externa)
Phage therapy
burn wound victims
local application strain specific
pseudomonas spp in cold blooded animals
fish: skin ulcer and septicemia
first thing: change water, clean environment, eliminate biofilm
Burkholderia
gram - aerobic rods catalase positive previous had other names- taxonomical problems environmental lung inf
Burkholderia pathogenic species
b. mallei
b. pseudomallei
b. cepacia
Burkholderia mallei
glanders BSL3 agent used in WWI- biological warfare primarily EQUINE pathogen (also feline dog human) HAS TO BE DECLARED now mainly in asia and s. america Horses travel!
Burkholderia mallei symtoms
nodules and ulcers , pyogranulomatous
orchitis
skin of resp tract
great variability in severity
ACUTE: fetal! fever nasal discharge, lyphadenitis
CHRONIC: you should not see- should be declared in chronic form. fever and respiratory skin abcesses
ZOONOTIC
Burkholderia mallei virulence
capsule - allows to survive in the environement
LPS
Burkholderia mallei transmission
ingestion inhalation wounds
many portals of entry
inhalation– high chance ofcontact
Burkholderia mallei pathogenesis
pharynx, wound
spread via lymphatic (nodules) or blood (lung liver spleen)
Burkholderia mallei pathology
nodular lesions composed of neutrophils fibrin and RBC
evolve when become more chronic
essential necrotic part
tx is difficult, AB do not penetrate the nodules easily surrounded by epithelial capsule
Burkholderia mallei typical symptom
NASAL DISCHARGE
Burkholderia mallei DX
isolation and ID
Serology- difficult
false positives (environmental, lots of epitopes)
complement fixation
intradermal test (mallein test) look for type 4 hypersensitivity (more sensitivity)
Burkholderia mallei PX
NO VACCINES
Cull infected animals
avoid contact with endemic areas
Burkholderia psuedomallei
MELIODOSIS re portable dz saprophyte- in water rich environments frequent inf after flooding swampy terrain rice paddies lives with environmental ameoba wide host range sheep goat rodent(reservoir) tropical subtropical
Burkholderia psuedomallei transmission
ingestion wound infection airbourne arthropod bite wound
Burkholderia psuedomallei virulence
adhesins
capsule
T3SS and T4SS
Burkholderia psuedomallei horses
mimics glanders: pseudoglanders
Burkholderia psuedomallei in cattle
acute to chronic…. lungs joint uterus
Burkholderia psuedomallei goats
more chronic dz
Burkholderia psuedomallei swine
backyard swine, tropical
Burkholderia psuedomallei DX
environmental BSL3 purulent content swab cultivation on blood mcconkey agar CFT test
Burkholderia psuedomallei prevention/ therapy
no vaccination
difficult to prevent water and soil contact
antimicrobials
most often end up culling
Burkholderia mallei
should not see (reportable) be careful with traveling horses to endemic areas false positives do exist confused with pseudomallei difficult to contain
Francisella
BSL3
Francisella tularensis 3 subspecies
mediasiatica
holartica
tularensis
Francisella tularensis
gram negative small pleomorphic nonmotile contagious obligate aerobic facultative intracellular (hide in body, carriers) very fastidious growth
Francisella tularensis requires to culture?
SPECIFIC rich media chocolate agar thayer Martin agar
w/ supplement
Francisella tularensis
REPORTABLE highly contagious prairie dogs from the US wide rAange of animals logomorphs- reservoir
Francisella tularensis transmission
tick mosquitoes flies
contaminated waters
ingestion and infected prey
humans contact with wild life, inhalation (hunters)
Francisella tularensis virulence
capsue
LPS
factors that promote intracellular survival in pagocytes, located on pathogenicity island
Francisella tularensis spread
dz of Northern hemisphere
F. tularensis subs. tularensis- north america
holarctica- europe
mediasiatica- central asia
Francisella tularensis lagomorphs
wild life dz
reservoirs
Francisella tularensis pathogensis
always a systemic phase with multi organ failure
facultative intracellular- macrophages
Francisella tularensis presentation
RARE
symptoms rarely seen- succumb fast
liver spleen lungs
Francisella tularensis in humans
depends on mode of transmission and virulence of strain. American strain more virulent than european
Francisella tularensis mode of transmission
ulceroglandular ( ulcerated cutaneous lesions with lyphadenopathy )
glandular (no skin lesions)
oculoglandular (conjunctivitis)
oropharyngeal( pharyngitis gastro enteritis)
inhalation
systemic
TX And PX
antibiotics - not very resistant but need intracellular infusion (tetracyclines)
prevent ticks, eliminate contaminated waters, wildlife
