5a-Rosy Periwinkle,

Question 1

what is the source of morphine

Answer 1

Seed pods of several species of opium poppy

Question 2

what are the growing conditions for morphine

Answer 2

Warm humid conditions

susceptible to frost and wet weather

Question 3

what is morphine used for

Answer 3

pain reliever

Question 4

source of Quinine

Answer 4

Bark of evergreen tree

Question 5

growing conditions for Quinine

Answer 5

humid conditions with average temp ( 20C)

susceptible to frost

Question 6

what is quinine used for

Answer 6

kills malaria parasite in blood

Question 7

what type of plant is the Rosy Periwinkle

Answer 7

small evergreen shrub native to tropical regions eg: Madagascar

Question 8

what growing conditions are needed for the Rosy Periwinkle

Answer 8

Warm tropical climate

slightly acidic and well drained soils ( but hold moisture)

Question 9

international trade of Rosy Periwinkle

Answer 9

Commercially grown in tropical regions - Madagascar

sold to Pharmaceutical companies(Eli Lilly) for high amounts of money

Question 10

why is the rosy periwinkle important in battling disease

Answer 10

contains 70 known alkaloids of significant value:

• Vincristine used in chemotherapy = increased survival rates by 90%

Question 11

give an example of a strategy used for sustainable growth of the Rosy Periwinkle

Answer 11

Reducing deforestation and the destruction of the habitats that it grows and reinvesting profits to local groups and tribes to encourage conservation

Question 12

what percentage of the developing world population relies on traditional medicines (made from wild plants)

Answer 12

80%
about 5 billion people

Question 13

give 2 issues arising from the international trade of medicinal plants

Answer 13

Overharvesting of wild plants

Habitat destruction- pharmaceutical companies exploiting rainfaroest

Question 14

Explain the problem of overharvesting medicinal plants

Answer 14

reduces plant populations and biodiversity

may lead to extinction of some species = estimated 4000 plants are threatened

Question 15

How many plants are threatened from over-harvesting Medicinal plants

Answer 15

4000

Question 16

What percentage of all terrestrial plant species are held in the rainforest and what percentage of the rainforest has been screened for potential medical use -

Answer 16

70%

1% - could be lots of potential major drugs
Habitat destruction could affect future by taking away potential life saving drugs

Question 17

How many potential major drugs are estimated to be lost every 2 years due to deforestation

Answer 17

1 every 2 years

Question 18

What is the alkaloid “Vincristine” found in Rosy periwinkle used in

Answer 18

Chemotherapy
Increased survival rates to 90%

Question 19

What’s the main pharmaceutical company that uses/buys Rosy periwinkle

Answer 19

Eli Lilly
Major US company that has global sales worth hundreds of millions

Question 20

How can large pharmaceutical companies try to be more sustainable and help out the locals who cultivate medicinal plants

Answer 20

Diverting profits from sales to local communities = rewards indigenous to help rainforest flourish

Targets problem of Biopiracy = pharmaceutical industry makes huge profit while indigenous pop make very little

Question 21

What is the name of the drug found in Samoan Rainforest were part of profits were retuned to Samoa + locals in 1980s -
example of a sustainable solution

Answer 21

Prostialin - drug for HIV

Money acts as compensation for protecting rainforest + ensuring future development