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Z- Disease Dilemmas > 1a- Classification, Patterns,factors > Flashcards

1a- Classification, Patterns,factors Flashcards

1
Q

Zoonotic disease - I

A

Transmitted from animals to humans (Large animals)

Rabies

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2
Q

Communicable - I

A

Disease which spreads easily from host to host but does not require quarantine

HIV or STDs

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3
Q

Non contagious - I

A

Disease spread by vectors not between ppl

Malaria

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4
Q

Contagious - I

A

Disease spread easily between ppl direct or indirect

Ebola or cold

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5
Q

What are infectious diseases

A

Disease caused by a pathogen

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6
Q

Lifestyle - Non-I

A

Diseases caused by lifestyle choices

Type 2 diabetes

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7
Q

Environment - Non-I

A

Disease caused by exposure to Toxins in air ,water, land, food or sun

Asthma

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8
Q

Nutritional - Non-I

A

Diseases caused by a deficiency in particular macro or micro nutrients

Scurvey

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9
Q

Genetics

Infectious or non-infectious
Example

A

Disease caused by genetic inheritance

Cancer

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10
Q

Endemic

A

Prevalence of a disease within a population or area

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11
Q

Epidemic

A

Outbreak of a disease that infects many people at the same time and spreads through a population in a restricted area

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12
Q

Pandemic

A

Epidemic that has spread worldwide affecting large numbers of people

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13
Q

Malaria

Classification
Distribution
Key stats
Reason for distribution

A

Infectious + non-contagious
Concentrated in Africa, S America, South Asia

3.2 billion people at risk = 97 countries

Located in Tropics = hot humid conditions allow Anopheles mosquitoes to thrive

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14
Q

HIV

Classification
Distribution
Key stats
Reason for distribution

A

Infectious + contagious
Global but uneven = main concentration in sub-Saharan Africa

2015 = 35 million people infected

Poverty plays large role in LIDCs and EDCs

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15
Q

TB

Classification
Distribution
Key stats
Reason for distribution

A

Infectious and highly contagious
Global but 95% deaths in LIDCs

2013 = 1.5 mill deaths

Poverty and overcrowding living conditions increase rates

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16
Q

Diabetes

Classification
Distribution
Key stats
Reason for distribution

A

Non-communicable
Global but concentrated in developed world = Europe, N America

250 million global affected = 4 million deaths a year

Type 2 , Linked to poor nutrition and physical health

17
Q

Cardiovascular disease (CVD)

Classification
Distribution
Key stats
Reason for distribution

A

Non-communicable
Countries with ageing populations and higher levels of development

18 million deaths a year = 80% In middle-Low income countries

Linked to lifestyle , Smoking and unhealthy diet

18
Q

What are the 4 stages of disease diffusion and what type of graph does this produce

A

Primary stage= very low numbers infected

Diffusion stage= number infected accelerates rapidly

Condensing stage= new cases levels out

Saturation stage= most of population have been infected so curve levels out

S shaped curve

19
Q

What 4 ways of disease diffusion that Hagerstand recognised

A

Expansion = source point intensifies and spreads outwards

Relocation = Disease leaves area and moves to a new one

Contagious = Disease spreads through direct contact with carrier , influenced by proximity

Hierarchical = Spreads through structural sequence of places - Large city to small city to suburbs ect

20
Q

What physical barriers can affect progress of disease diffusion

A

Distance/Proximity
Physical barriers = sea, mountains,
Climate
Seasonal

21
Q

What socio-economic barriers affect disease diffusion

A

Political borders
Government imposed Curfews
Quarantining people
Face masks + cancelling public events
Vaccination programmes

22
Q

What are degenerative disease

A
  • result of degenerative cell changes / Mutations
  • can be a result of lifestyle choices
23
Q

Difference between infectious + contagious + Communicable

A

Infectious disease = Spread by pathogens

Communicable = Infectious disease which spreads easily but does not require quarantine

Contagious = disease is spread by direct or indirect contact , Requires quarantine

24
Q

What is the neighbourhood effect in diffusion - apart of Hagerstrand model of diffusion

A
  • probability of contact between carrier + Non-carrier
  • determined by number of people living in 5x5km grid + distance apart
  • essentially determined by density
  • people in close proximity to carriers have a higher probability of contracting disease
25
Q

How many people globally have diabetes

A

250 million

26
Q

How many people are at risk of malaria globally

A

3.2 billion

27
Q

in 2015 how many people globally infected with HIV

A

35 Milllion

28
Q

What percentage of the 1.5 million death of TB in 2013 were in LIDCs

A

95%

29
Q

How many deaths of CVD occur a year

A

18 million

Z- Disease Dilemmas (13 decks)

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