1a- Classification, Patterns,factors Flashcards
Zoonotic disease - I
Transmitted from animals to humans (Large animals)
Rabies
Communicable - I
Disease which spreads easily from host to host but does not require quarantine
HIV or STDs
Non contagious - I
Disease spread by vectors not between ppl
Malaria
Contagious - I
Disease spread easily between ppl direct or indirect
Ebola or cold
What are infectious diseases
Disease caused by a pathogen
Lifestyle - Non-I
Diseases caused by lifestyle choices
Type 2 diabetes
Environment - Non-I
Disease caused by exposure to Toxins in air ,water, land, food or sun
Asthma
Nutritional - Non-I
Diseases caused by a deficiency in particular macro or micro nutrients
Scurvey
Genetics
Infectious or non-infectious
Example
Disease caused by genetic inheritance
Cancer
Endemic
Prevalence of a disease within a population or area
Epidemic
Outbreak of a disease that infects many people at the same time and spreads through a population in a restricted area
Pandemic
Epidemic that has spread worldwide affecting large numbers of people
Malaria
Classification
Distribution
Key stats
Reason for distribution
Infectious + non-contagious
Concentrated in Africa, S America, South Asia
3.2 billion people at risk = 97 countries
Located in Tropics = hot humid conditions allow Anopheles mosquitoes to thrive
HIV
Classification
Distribution
Key stats
Reason for distribution
Infectious + contagious
Global but uneven = main concentration in sub-Saharan Africa
2015 = 35 million people infected
Poverty plays large role in LIDCs and EDCs
TB
Classification
Distribution
Key stats
Reason for distribution
Infectious and highly contagious
Global but 95% deaths in LIDCs
2013 = 1.5 mill deaths
Poverty and overcrowding living conditions increase rates
Diabetes
Classification
Distribution
Key stats
Reason for distribution
Non-communicable
Global but concentrated in developed world = Europe, N America
250 million global affected = 4 million deaths a year
Type 2 , Linked to poor nutrition and physical health
Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
Classification
Distribution
Key stats
Reason for distribution
Non-communicable
Countries with ageing populations and higher levels of development
18 million deaths a year = 80% In middle-Low income countries
Linked to lifestyle , Smoking and unhealthy diet
What are the 4 stages of disease diffusion and what type of graph does this produce
Primary stage= very low numbers infected
Diffusion stage= number infected accelerates rapidly
Condensing stage= new cases levels out
Saturation stage= most of population have been infected so curve levels out
S shaped curve
What 4 ways of disease diffusion that Hagerstand recognised
Expansion = source point intensifies and spreads outwards
Relocation = Disease leaves area and moves to a new one
Contagious = Disease spreads through direct contact with carrier , influenced by proximity
Hierarchical = Spreads through structural sequence of places - Large city to small city to suburbs ect
What physical barriers can affect progress of disease diffusion
Distance/Proximity
Physical barriers = sea, mountains,
Climate
Seasonal
What socio-economic barriers affect disease diffusion
Political borders
Government imposed Curfews
Quarantining people
Face masks + cancelling public events
Vaccination programmes
What are degenerative disease
- result of degenerative cell changes / Mutations
- can be a result of lifestyle choices
Difference between infectious + contagious + Communicable
Infectious disease = Spread by pathogens
Communicable = Infectious disease which spreads easily but does not require quarantine
Contagious = disease is spread by direct or indirect contact , Requires quarantine
What is the neighbourhood effect in diffusion - apart of Hagerstrand model of diffusion
- probability of contact between carrier + Non-carrier
- determined by number of people living in 5x5km grid + distance apart
- essentially determined by density
- people in close proximity to carriers have a higher probability of contracting disease
How many people globally have diabetes
250 million
How many people are at risk of malaria globally
3.2 billion
in 2015 how many people globally infected with HIV
35 Milllion
What percentage of the 1.5 million death of TB in 2013 were in LIDCs
95%
How many deaths of CVD occur a year
18 million
