1c- Natural Hazards Influence Spread Of Disease

Question 1

Symptoms of cholera

Answer 1

Bacterial disease
Cells lining intestine produce large amount of fluid = vomiting ,watery diarrhoea
extreme dehydration = death

Question 2

How does cholera spread

Answer 2

Contaminated water
Eg: water with vomit or faeces in it

Question 3

Percentage of Haiti population living below poverty line

Answer 3

60%

Question 4

Percentage of Haiti population with access to clean water and Sanitation

Answer 4

30%

Question 5

Social impacts of cholera/Earthquake on Haiti

Answer 5

2.3 million made homeless = Valuable population

1300 Schools destroyed = affect future of Haitian population

9,000 killed by cholera

Question 6

Political impacts of cholera on Haiti

Answer 6

Population of Haiti blame government for lack of response = trust lost

Many Government and public buildings destroyed including National assembly = no place to meet and coordinate recovery

Question 7

Environmental impact of cholera in Haiti

Answer 7

Already limited water supply contaminated = River Meille / Artibonite

Question 8

Economic impact of cholera in Haiti

Answer 8

Cost of damage from earthquake = £8 billion

Rebuilding of houses and property means less money for development on sanitation + treatment

Question 9

Why did the cholera outbreak occur in Haiti

Answer 9

Following 2010 earthquake Nepalese aid workers sent

aid workers were infected with Cholera

Question 10

Distance of eathquake from Haiti capital

Answer 10

10km away from Port au Prince

Question 11

International Scale strategies to minimise impact of cholera

Answer 11

Travel ban for certain countries after outbreak

NGO/ Aid workers tested for disease during movement to countries

Question 12

National scale strategies to minimise impacts of Cholera

Answer 12

1300 latrines built = Serving 250,000 ppl

Delivering clean water to 300,000 people in camps

Education program released by Red Cross and Oxfam on reducing transmission of disease

Question 13

Environmental factors affecting spread of disease

Answer 13

Climate
sanitation
water supply
Earthquake

Question 14

How does climate as a environmental factor affect spread of cholera

Answer 14

High air temp = perfect for bacterial growth
Cholera spiked in wet season = heavy rainfall means more contaminated water sources

Question 15

How does sanitation affect spread of Cholera as environmental factor

Answer 15

30% of Haiti has access to improved sanitation = little washing of hands etc = Encourages spread of disease

Human waste flows directly into River = Drinking and water sources

Question 16

How does water supply as a environmental factor affect spread of Cholera

Answer 16

People using contaminated river and other water sources

Question 17

Human factors affect spread of cholera

Answer 17

Population density
Access to clean water
UN peacekeepers
Immunisation programmes

Question 18

Population density as a human factor affect spread of Cholera

Answer 18

Population density very high = 28,000/km2 = close proximity in camps

Very fast disease diffusion

Question 19

Access to clean water as a human factor affect spread of Cholera

Answer 19

Lack of Clean water = people drinking from river Artibonite/ Meille which has been contaminated by sewage from UN camp

Question 20

UN peacekeepers as a human factor affect spread of disease

Answer 20

Outbreak of cholera stemmed from Nepalese peacekeepers
= sewage from camps contamination water sources

No cases of infection before earthquake

Question 21

How has earthquake as a environmental factor affected disease diffusion

Answer 21

Damaged already poor health services

Increased reliance on poor sanitation + contaminated water sources = 30% with access to sanitation/clean water

Roads and port damaged reducing access for aid workers

Question 22

How many people killed by cholera in Haiti

Answer 22

9,000

Question 23

Number of people made Homeless due to Haiti 2010 earthquake

Answer 23

2.3 million

Question 24

GDP per capita Haiti

Answer 24

£1,800

Question 25

Population density of Haiti

Answer 25

28,000 / km2

Question 26

How many Latrines built as part of a Wide scale Hygiene programme and how many people do they serve

Answer 26

1300

serves 250,000 = limited as population of Haiti is 11 million

Question 27

How many people in Haiti have been immunised against Cholera due to Immunisation programmes

Answer 27

700,000
= limited as National pop of 11 million and Herd immunity only works if 80% of a population are immune

Question 28

How many people living in camps around Port au Prince received clean water - National scale strategy

Answer 28

300,000

= not sustainable

Question 29

Role of Oxfam and Red Cross in Haiti - National scale

Answer 29

Nationwide education program to educate ppl on reducing transmission