1c- Natural Hazards Influence Spread Of Disease Flashcards
Symptoms of cholera
Bacterial disease
Cells lining intestine produce large amount of fluid = vomiting ,watery diarrhoea
extreme dehydration = death
How does cholera spread
Contaminated water
Eg: water with vomit or faeces in it
Percentage of Haiti population living below poverty line
60%
Percentage of Haiti population with access to clean water and Sanitation
30%
Social impacts of cholera/Earthquake on Haiti
2.3 million made homeless = Valuable population
1300 Schools destroyed = affect future of Haitian population
9,000 killed by cholera
Political impacts of cholera on Haiti
Population of Haiti blame government for lack of response = trust lost
Many Government and public buildings destroyed including National assembly = no place to meet and coordinate recovery
Environmental impact of cholera in Haiti
Already limited water supply contaminated = River Meille / Artibonite
Economic impact of cholera in Haiti
Cost of damage from earthquake = £8 billion
Rebuilding of houses and property means less money for development on sanitation + treatment
Why did the cholera outbreak occur in Haiti
Following 2010 earthquake Nepalese aid workers sent
aid workers were infected with Cholera
Distance of eathquake from Haiti capital
10km away from Port au Prince
International Scale strategies to minimise impact of cholera
Travel ban for certain countries after outbreak
NGO/ Aid workers tested for disease during movement to countries
National scale strategies to minimise impacts of Cholera
1300 latrines built = Serving 250,000 ppl
Delivering clean water to 300,000 people in camps
Education program released by Red Cross and Oxfam on reducing transmission of disease
Environmental factors affecting spread of disease
Climate
sanitation
water supply
Earthquake
How does climate as a environmental factor affect spread of cholera
High air temp = perfect for bacterial growth
Cholera spiked in wet season = heavy rainfall means more contaminated water sources
How does sanitation affect spread of Cholera as environmental factor
30% of Haiti has access to improved sanitation = little washing of hands etc = Encourages spread of disease
Human waste flows directly into River = Drinking and water sources
How does water supply as a environmental factor affect spread of Cholera
People using contaminated river and other water sources
Human factors affect spread of cholera
Population density
Access to clean water
UN peacekeepers
Immunisation programmes
Population density as a human factor affect spread of Cholera
Population density very high = 28,000/km2 = close proximity in camps
Very fast disease diffusion
Access to clean water as a human factor affect spread of Cholera
Lack of Clean water = people drinking from river Artibonite/ Meille which has been contaminated by sewage from UN camp
UN peacekeepers as a human factor affect spread of disease
Outbreak of cholera stemmed from Nepalese peacekeepers
= sewage from camps contamination water sources
No cases of infection before earthquake
How has earthquake as a environmental factor affected disease diffusion
Damaged already poor health services
Increased reliance on poor sanitation + contaminated water sources = 30% with access to sanitation/clean water
Roads and port damaged reducing access for aid workers
How many people killed by cholera in Haiti
9,000
Number of people made Homeless due to Haiti 2010 earthquake
2.3 million
GDP per capita Haiti
£1,800
Population density of Haiti
28,000 / km2
How many Latrines built as part of a Wide scale Hygiene programme and how many people do they serve
1300
serves 250,000 = limited as population of Haiti is 11 million
How many people in Haiti have been immunised against Cholera due to Immunisation programmes
700,000
= limited as National pop of 11 million and Herd immunity only works if 80% of a population are immune
How many people living in camps around Port au Prince received clean water - National scale strategy
300,000
= not sustainable
Role of Oxfam and Red Cross in Haiti - National scale
Nationwide education program to educate ppl on reducing transmission
