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301 MEDIMAGE > 5a . Pediatrics - Workflow SSH > Flashcards

5a . Pediatrics - Workflow SSH Flashcards

1
Q

what is the difference in paediatric workflow that need to be kept in mind - 3 things

A

prepare everything before the patient arrives in the room as window for the patient to be cooperative is small

body before bit positioning and position the parent

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2
Q

who can restrain patients in paeds

A

over 18yo and not pregant

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3
Q

what are 5 equipment that can be used as restraints

A 
linen
sandbags
lead gowns
perspex
lead gowns
sponges
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4
Q

how do you restrain babies with cloth nappies

A

fold into a triangle and wrap each side over tummy and under bum

babys weight keeps it in place

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5
Q

how can you figure out what exposures to use for paeds

A

think about lowest exposure avail 50 at 1.6 and think about what youd give for adult equivalent anatomy

think about what adult body part is the same thickness and density

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6
Q

what is the magic exposure for paeds

A

60 at 2

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7
Q

what is the exposure for baby supine

A

60 at 2

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8
Q

what is the effect of SID on exposure comparing the supine and sitting up views

what are the tech factors for each positioning

A

photons dont have very far to travel in supine views but more distance to travel for sitting up views

sitting = 70 at 2
supine = 60 at 2
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9
Q

what is the average abdo mAs correspond to

A

the age of the child

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10
Q

do you use grids for lateral chest

A

yes for bucky lateral chest

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11
Q

what is the difference between fractures and growth plate lines

A

growth plate lines are smoother and less jagged/fragmented, almost more sclerotic than # lines

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12
Q

what is DDH

A

developmental dysplaysia of the hip

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13
Q

what is the characteristic of DDH

A

misshapen acetabulum

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14
Q

what view does a DDH need

A

AP pelvis only

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15
Q

why dont you need a lateral for DDH

A

No lateral needed as the acetabulum is the issue, not the femur so lateral femur doesn’t give more info about acetabulum

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16
Q

what views can be done for DDH in hip spiker

A

AP frog leg laterals

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17
Q

what are the 5 DDH signs

A 
breech birth
uneven creases
family hx
clicky hips
abnormal crawl/walk
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18
Q

what age group do you do DDH views for and why not other ages

A

> 4months

pelvis not fully developed to see DDH until baby is 4months old

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19
Q

what line is used to see if there is DDH

A

shentons line = between inf aspect of pubic ramus and medial aspect of the fem neck

acetabulum index line = normal if closer to horizontal

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20
Q

what is SUFE pathology

A

slipped upper femoral epiphysis

21
Q

what is the age range for SUFEs

A

10-15yo bigger active kids

22
Q

what views are needed for SUFE

A

AP pelvis and frog leg lateral

23
Q

what are buckle fractures

A

cortex gets compressed into little bulge instead of breaking cortex

24
Q

what are greenstick fractures

A

in only one side of the cortex and not the other

25
Q

what is a toddlers # and what view is needed

A

spiral # of tibia

needs oblique tib fib view

26
Q

what age range of paeds can do chest xrays supine

A

<4months

27
Q

what age range of paeds can do chest xrays sitting

A

4months-5yrs

28
Q

what age range of paeds can do chest xrays bucky

A

5+ years

29
Q

how do you correct for the lordotic view of the baby chest AP view

A

put 15* sponge under chest with thick bit under shoulders or angle 15r* towards feet to match sternum

30
Q

what is the pro and con of using sponge or angle method to correct baby AP chest lordotic angle

A

Sponge allows chin to get out of way but have to get sponge out for lateral

Get a bit of chin artifact with supine baby chest angled

31
Q

what needs to be done to the babys arms for AP chest view

A

clamp elbows to ears

32
Q

where do you center for baby AP chest view and where is the collimation

A

midline of nipples

light down to north of belly button to ensure crests are not included

33
Q

why do you do lateral chests views for paeds first

A

calms patient as they can see parent while xraying

34
Q

what are 4 factors to consider when imaging neonates

A

temperature
low immunity
handling
incubators

35
Q

how do you tell if there is an inhaled foreign body and what views do you take

A

inspiration and expiration AP/PA chest

mediastinum may be pushed to one side and only one lung works and changes in volume in inspiration/expiration

36
Q

how do you see if baby is breathing in or out

A

watch abdomen or listen to crying sounds

silent = breathing in

37
Q

what are soft tissue necks taken for

A

query enlarged adenoids

38
Q

what is the collimation for soft tissue neck view

A

nasal cavity to C7

39
Q

what is pelvis baby positioning

A

straighten legs and held together and turned in

40
Q

what is the collimation for baby pelvis

A

top of light in line with belly button and bottom of light to bottom of genitals

41
Q

what is used in theater to fix fractures and stuff

A

k wires

42
Q

what are the differences in adult and paeds theatre in terms of dose, grid and FOV

A

dose can be reduced
cone in a little more
need mag settings to see little fingers and toes etc

43
Q

what is MCU

A

micturating cystourethrogram

44
Q

what is MCU used to query

A

?urinary reflux

45
Q

how is contrast used in MCU

A

contrast into bladder via catheter

46
Q

what is a tactic used to get children to eat barium

A

keep nil by mouth before so theyre hungry for food and want to eat

47
Q

what are views needed for NAIs

A

initial skeletal survey and CT head

48
Q

when are secondary surveys used for NAI skeletal surveys and why

A

secondary 2wks later to see healing fractures

49
Q

what are special considerations for NAI skeletal survey xrays

A

images may go to court so use proper markers and check no artefacts

check image with radiologist before sending

301 MEDIMAGE (18 decks)

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