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301 MEDIMAGE > 1a. Skull HAL - Acland Videos > Flashcards

1a. Skull HAL - Acland Videos Flashcards

1
Q

what 2 components is the skull composed of

A

cranium and facial skeleton

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2
Q

where does the occipital bone extend down to inferiorly

A

to the center of the inferior skull past the foramen magnum

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3
Q

what foramen does the occipital bone contain

A

foramen magnum

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4
Q

what is the occipital bone in front of the foramen magnum known as

what direction is the slope of this part and where is the slope

A

basilar part/base of occiput

slopes forwards deeply on the inside

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5
Q

what bony feature is on the anterior half of the foramen magnum

what other structure do they form

A

2 occipital condyles

forms the atlanto-occipital joints

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6
Q

what is the lump in the middle of the occipital bones posterior overhang

A

external occipital protuberance/inion

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7
Q

what is the name of the temporal bone where it converges with the occipital bone on the inferior side

A

petrous part

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8
Q

what is the name of the temporal bone where it is see laterally

A

squamous part

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9
Q

what is the mastoid process used for

name an example of its function

A

origin of muscles that move the head

sternocleidomastoid muscle

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10
Q

what is the zygomatic arch made up of in terms of the bones

A

termporal and zygomatic bones

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11
Q

what is are the 2 components that make up the temporal mandibular joint

A

underside of zygomatic arch root articulating with mandible condyle

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12
Q

what does the external auditory meatus lead to

A

middle ear

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13
Q

what is the feature at the base of the styloid process and what is it used for

A

stylo-mastoid foramen for facial nerve passage

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14
Q

what is the carotid canal used for

what structure is it medial to and what plane of the skull is it located on

A

passes forwards the internal carotid artery

medial to styloid process on inferior plane of skull

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15
Q

what part of the temporal bone contains the inner and middle ear structures

A

petrous part of the temporal bone

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16
Q

what is the groove behind the jugular foramen for

A

for the sigmoid sinus

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17
Q

what is the main venous drainage channel for the brain in terms of sinuses

A

sigmoid sinus

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18
Q

what is the hypoglossal canal below and medial to

A

jugular foramen

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19
Q

what is above the jugular foramen and what does this structure do

A

internal auditory meatus

passage for vestibular, cochlear and internal facial nerves

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20
Q

what is the hypoglossal canals realtionship in relation to the jugualr foramen

A

below and medial

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21
Q

what structure does the carotid canal end at

A

the foramen lacerum

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22
Q

what is the orbital cavity protected by

A

thick orbital margin

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23
Q

opening for nose leads to what structures and what are the 2 components separated by

A

leads to left and right nasal cavities separated by the nasal septum

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24
Q

the temporal fossa is enclosed by what 3 structures

A

ridge of temporal line
lateral orbital margin
zygomatic arch

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25
Q

what are the lateral and medial pterygoid plates and what direction are they oriented

A

thin sheets of bone that descend downwards

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26
Q

what 2 things does the hard palate form

A

roof of mouth and floor of nasal cavities

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27
Q

what are the 2 bony landmarks/structures that form the 2 big steps in the floor of the cranium

A

sphenoid ridges

petrous temporal bones

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28
Q

what borders make up the anterior cranial fossa

A

between front of skull and sphenoid ridges

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29
Q

what borders make up the middle cranial fossa

A

between sphenoid ridges and petrous temporal bones

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30
Q

what borders make up the posterior cranial fossa

A

between petrous temporal bones and back of skull

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31
Q

in the anterior cranial fossa, what do the bulges on either side of the cranium floor make up

A

roof of each orbit of the eye

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32
Q

what fossa is the crista galli a part of

A

middle of the anterior fossa

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33
Q

what is the crista galli

A

bony ridge of the ethmoid bone in the anterior cranial fossa

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34
Q

what is the structures immediately either side of the crista galli called and what is a key feature of them

what is the function of its key feature

A

cribriform plates

perforated bone which allows filaments of the olfactory nerve to pass through

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35
Q

what forms the roof of the nasal cavity

A

cribriform plates

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36
Q

what is the flat area behind the cribriform plate

A

roof of sphenoid sinus

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37
Q

what do the side wall and floor of the middle cranial fossa form (forms 2 structures)

A

wall of temporal fossa and part of orbit

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38
Q

what aspect of the orbit does the side wall and floor of the middle cranial fossa form

A

posterior part of the lateral orbital wall

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39
Q

what is the raised bump in the middle of the middle cranial fossa

A

sella turcica which is a deep depression for the pituitary gland

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40
Q

what are the shallow grooves around the sella turcica for and what are the 4 projections associated with this area

A

shallow grooves for 2 optical nerves

2 anterior and 2 posterior clinoid processes

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41
Q

what is the sloping area behind the posterior clinoid process and what is it continuous with

A

dorsum sellae

continuous with the base of the occiput

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42
Q

what does the lower part of the frontal bone form

3 structures

A

roof of nose
small part of temporal fossa
large part of roof of orbit

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43
Q

what does the frontal bone form in terms of the fossas

A

floor of the anterior cranial fossa

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44
Q

what is a feature of the frontal bone near the midline and what is this called

A

frontal bone near midline is hollow as it is the frontal sinuses

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45
Q

what 3 things does the zygomatic bone form/contribute to

A

cheek
lower lateral orbital margin
lateral orbital wall

46
Q

where does the zygomatic bone form the zygomatic arch and what other structure contributes to the arch

A

extends back to meet the zygomatic processes of the temporal bone to form the arch

47
Q

what parts is the maxilla bone made up of and what does it bear

A

right and left part

bears top teeth

48
Q

what 3 structures does maxilla form/contribute to

A

lower and medial orbital margin

floor of orbits

49
Q

what is a feature of the maxilla bone and why is this

A

hollow as it contains the maxilla sinus

50
Q

what is the largest paranasal sinus

A

maxilla sinus

51
Q

what 2 structures does the sphenoid bone form/contribute to

A

floor of the cranium and parts of the orbit

52
Q

what are the 3 major projections of the sphenoid bone

A

lesser/greater wings

pterygoid process

53
Q

what is the central part of the sphenoid bone made up of (2 structures)

A

clinoid processes and pituitary fossa

54
Q

what is the highest part of the sphenoid

A

lesser wing

55
Q

what structure does the lesser wing form

A

sphenoid ridge

56
Q

what part of the sphenoid bone forms the back part of the orbit

A

underside of the lesser wing

57
Q

what 2 structures does the greater wing of the sphenoid bone form/contribute to

A

front wall

a bit of the floor of the middle cranial fossa

58
Q

where is the greater wing of the sphenoid joined to the lesser wing

A

superior/posterior aspect of the orbit

59
Q

what separates the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone medially

A

superior orbital fissure

60
Q

what does the superior orbital fissure form

A

opening between orbits and inside of cranium

61
Q

where does the pterygoid process project relative to the maxilla

A

downwards and behind maxilla

62
Q

what are the only 3 parts of the ethmoid bone that can be seem externally

A

2 cribriform plates and in medial wall of each orbit

63
Q

what do the lacrimal bones form

A

most medial part of inferior orbital margin

64
Q

what does the nasolacrimal duct do

A

take tears from corner of eye to nasal cavity

65
Q

what 2 structures does the palatine bone form on each sie

A

posterior parts of the hard palate

part of the side wall of nasal cavity

66
Q

how many openings are there in the base of the cranium

of these how many pass forwards and how many pass downwards and how many pass obliquely

A

3 pass forward
2 pass downwards
one passes backwards obliquely

6 total

67
Q

what is the round opening infront of the anterior clinoid process

A

optic canal

68
Q

what does the optic canal transmit

A

optic nerve

69
Q

what is the superior orbital fissure

what does it do

A

triangular passage in the orbit where nerves and blood vessels pass through to the orbit

70
Q

what foramen is below and behind medial end of superior orbital fissure

A

foramen rotundum

71
Q

what is the foramen rotundum for

A

maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve

72
Q

where does the foramen rotundum emerge into

A

into terga maxillary fissure

not orbit

73
Q

what is the relationship between the location of the optic canal and the clinoid processes

A

canal is just in front of anterior clinoid processes

74
Q

what is the relationship between the location of the foramen rotundum and the superior orbital fissure

A

f rot is below and behind medial end of fissure

75
Q

what are the 3 openings that pass forwards in the base of the cranium

A

optic canal

foramen rotundum

superior orbital fissure

76
Q

what are the 2 openings that pass downwards in the base of the cranium

A

foramen ovale and spinosum

77
Q

what is the foramen ovale for

A

mandibular branch for the trigeminal nerve

78
Q

where is the foramen ovale on the external skull

A

just behind the pteragoid plate

79
Q

where is the foramen spinosum located relative to the foramen ovale

A

behind and lateral to ovale

80
Q

what is the foramen spinosum for

A

middle meningeal artery

81
Q

externally on the skull what is the f spinosums position relation to the f ovale

A

same as internally, behind and lateral to ovale

82
Q

what is the opening that passes laterally in the base of the cranium

A

foramen lacerum

83
Q

what is the foramen lacerum for

A

internal carotid artery

84
Q

how does the internal carotid artery run in the f lacerum relative to the carotid canal

A

f. lacerum is a opening through which the internal carotid artery emerges from its obliquely running carotid canal

85
Q

where does the foramen lacerum emerge internally

A

tip of the petrous bone

86
Q

what is the relation between the postiion of the end of the carotid canal to the styloid process

A

medial to styloid process

87
Q

what is infront of the carotid canal

A

auditory tube

88
Q

the auditory tube passes in which directions to emerge in the middle ear

A

backwards and laterally

89
Q

the bony opening of the nose is called ___ ___ and tis leads to what structures separated by what

A

piriform aperture leading into left and right cavities separated by the nasal septum

90
Q

the roof the nasal cavities is formed by what and what is a feature of this

A

cribriform plates

are very narrow

91
Q

at the top of the nasal cavity what are the superior and side borders and inferior borders

ie what bones make up those borders

A 
superiorly = floor of anterior fossa
sides = medial walls of orbit and the hard plate
inferiorly = hard plate
92
Q

what are the 3 bony projections on the nasal cavity wall called

which wall of the nasal cavity are they located on

A

conchae/turbinate bones

lateral wall

93
Q

what are the names of the 3 turbinate bones

which of them is the smallest

A

inferior, middle and superior (smallest) conchae

94
Q

what parts make up the frontal sinus

A

left and right part

95
Q

where does the frontal sinus extend to in the upwards and backward direction

A

upwards behind lower part of forehead

backwards between roof of orbit and floor of anterior cranial fossa

96
Q

what parts make up the maxillary sinus

A

left and right parts

97
Q

what parts make up the sphenoid sinus

A

left and right parts

98
Q

where does the maxillary sinus extend to in the downwards and backward direction

A

backwards to part of maxilla that borders pteygomaxillary fissure

downwards to upper molar and premolar teeth

99
Q

what is the maxillary sinus’s medial wall in the nasal cavity

A

lateral wall of nasal cavity

100
Q

the maxillary sinus’s roof forms what part of the orbit

A

large part of floor of the orbits

101
Q

where is the sphenoid sinus located

A

central part of sphenoid bone

102
Q

above the sphenoid sinus floor is the ___ and ___, behidn it is the _____ and in front of it is the ____. Below it is the ____

A

above = floor of anterior cranial fossa & sella turcica
behind = basilar part of occipital bone
in front = high part of nasal cavity
below = roof of nasopharynx

103
Q

where does the ethmoid bone extend from and along

A

from behind nasolacrimal duct to along medial wall of orbit

104
Q

the middle part of the ethmoid bone going down vertically forms a large part of what structure

A

nasal septum

105
Q

the tip of the middle vertical bone of the ethmoid bone is the beginning of what structure

A

beginning of the crista galli

106
Q

each side of the crista galli are what structures

A

cribriform plates

107
Q

the most lateral part of the ethmoid bone are what structures

A

lateral = lamina papyracea

108
Q

what does the lamina papyracea form

A

most medial part of the orbit

109
Q

which of the 3 conchae are part of the ethmoid bone

A

superior and middle

110
Q

between what structures are the ethmoid air cells

A

lamina papyracea and upper part of nasal cavity

111
Q

the ethmoid bone is joined to which bones above, below and behind

A 
above = frontal
below = maxilla 
behind = central part of sphenoid bone

301 MEDIMAGE (18 decks)

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