5a - Extracellular Matrix, CT Membranes and Adipose Tissue Flashcards
What are the 2 extracelluar matrix components?
ground substance and protein fibers
what are the three types of protein fibers?
collagens, reticular proteins, and elastin
fibers that are flexible but resist stretching and bundled like ropes in parallel or crisscross directions are called ____
Collagen fibers
fibers that recoil after being stretched, and are crosslinked are called ____
elastic fibers
fibers that are assembled to form supporting frameworks within organs and used to organize cells and structural features are called ____
reticular fibers
____ fibers recoil after being stretched
elastic
Reticular fibers provide _____ _____
supporting framework
how many types of collagens are there?
over 20
Elastic connective tissue is rich in ____
elastin
Special reticular proteins are secreted by ____
reticulocytes
____ ____ provide membrane scaffolding through the plasma membrane
basement membrane
the basement membrane is ___ and ____ cell layers
porous; anchors
the serous membrane is made of these two things
dense regular CT and epithelia
serous membrane surrounds which organs?
heart, lungs and digestive organs
what is the pericardium
the serous membrane around the heart
what is the serous membrane called that surrounds the lungs and lining of the chest wall?
pleura
what is the serous membrane that surrounds digestive organs and abdominal cavity called?
peritoneum
what is the epithelial layer of the serous membrane called? Where does it sit?
mesothelium; rests on the basement membrane
what are the main functions of the serous membrane?
- lubrication
- anchoring organs in place
- attachment
- scaffolding for immune defense /protection
Which side of the serous membrane is against the organ?
visceral side
which side of the serous membrane is against the CT layer?
Parietal side
how does fluid enter and drain in the serous membrane?
fluid enters via the mesothelial layer and drains via limphatics
What are milky spots
clusters of white blood cells
the visceral pericardium overlays the surface of the ___
heart
the ____ pericardium is a thick, fibrous sac made of dense irregular CT
parietal
between the heart and lung - the periocardial sac is made of ___ and ___
perietal paricardium and parietal pleura
Parietal ____ faces the heart
pericardium
Parietal ____ faces the lung
Pleura
What keeps the heart from swinging and flopping around?
the pericardium is attached to the diaphragm
What is the visceral pleura?
the outer surface of the lungs - a thin fluid layer
What does the parietal pleura adhere to ( 3 places)?
- diaphragm
- wall of the thoracic cavity
- outer surface of the parietal pericardium
The parietal peritoneum lays against the walls of the ____ cavity
abdominal
how many layers thick is the greater omentum? Where does it hang from?
4; the stomach
What is the function of the greater omentum?
to patch up intestinal perforations due to abdominal injury
What are meninges made of? How many layers?
Mostly made of CT; three layers
what are the three layers of meninges?
pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid mater
What is the important function of the meninges?
forms a fluid compartment in which the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) can be suspended
What does the middle arachnoid mater retain?
cerebrospinal fluid
Where are synovial membranes found?
in highly moveable joints
what are highly moveable joints called?
synovial joints
CT layers support capillaries that provide ___ ___ for nutrient/waste/gas exchange
synovial fluid
articular cartilage is vascular or avascular?
avascular
synoviocytes secrete ___ ____. Why is this important?
synovial fluid. provides lubrication for joints.
What are the three types of adipose tissue?
brown, beige and white
____ adipocytes are best known in babies
brown
____ adipocytes are subcutaneous
beige
____ adipocytes are normally yellow, provide stem cells for bone repair, is thermogenic, and can provide padding while storing energy
white
brown and beige adipocytes have many lipid droplets and lots of ____
mitochondria
____ adipocytes have a ___ lipid droplet with the nucleus and cytoplasm pushed to the side
white; single
adipocytes are organized into ____
lobules
what are the two main types of white adipose tissue in humans?
visceral (vWAT)
subcutaneous (sWAT)
estrogen promotes ____ adipose deposition
subcutaneous
testosterone promotes ___ adipose deposition
visceral
thermogenic adipose tissue uses ___ ___ 1 to dissipate mitochondrial proton gradients and release heat
uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)
which of the three adipocytes can change in response to temperature?
brown and beige
What type of CT is pictured?
Elastic CT
Which type of CT is pictured?
reticular CT
Special reticular proteins are secreted by ____
Reticulocytes
