1 b - Atoms, Bonding, Charges, & Biological Molecules Flashcards
What defines the element? (atom type)
Proton number
What is the ideal state of an atom?
equal proton and electron number
What happens when the neutron number varies?
It becomes an isotope
Do neutrons change chemical properties?
No
Neutrons only add weight, true or false
True
What are the most important biological atoms?
CHNOPS
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur
Name the element:
H
Hydrogen
Name the element:
Na
Sodium
Name the element:
Mg
Magnesium
Name the element:
K
Potassium
Name the element:
Ca
Calcium
Name the element:
Mn
Manganese
Name the element:
Fe
Iron
Name the element:
Cu
Copper
Name the element:
Zn
Zinc
Name the element:
C
Carbon
Name the element:
N
Nitrogen
Name the element:
O
Oxygen
Name the element:
P
Phospohorus
Name the element:
S
Sulfur
Name the element:
Cl
Chlorine
Name the element:
I
Iodine
Atoms form ___ ____ to make _____
chemical bonds; molecules
Opposite charges ___
Attract
Like charges ___
repel
What are protein macromolecules made of?
chains of amino acids
Where are electrons arranged?
on orbitals around the nucleus
How are orbitals grouped?
in shells
What is the outermost shell called?
Valance shell
what are the electrons called on the valance shell?
Valance electrons
All “Nobel” elements are ___
nonreactive
When the valance shell is not full it is ___
reactive
Elements with 1 electron too many or too few of completing a shell tend to form _____ bonds.
Ionic
Elements with more empty/half-empty orbitals will form ____ bonds
Covalent
Describe an ionic bond
when outer electrons are transferred between atoms and form + or - charged ions
Describe covalent bond
When 2 atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
What is the difference between a polar and non-polar covalent bond?
polar is the unequal sharing of electrons.
Non polar is the equal sharing of electrons.
Which elements are electron “hogs”?
Oxygen and Nitrogen
What does uneven electron distribution result in?
Partial negative and postive charges (aka electronegativity)
What bond is formed between N and O?
Hydrogen bond
What is a water solvent that surrounds ions called?
Solvation
What are atoms with unpaired electrons called?
Free radicals
What do antioxidants eliminate?
Free radicals
Polar molecules are hydro___
hydrophilic - water loving
Non polar molecules are hydro___
hydrophobic - water fearing
Which of the three bonds are strongest?
covalent
Which of the three bonds are weakest?
Hydrogen
