1 a - Homeostasis & Chemistry Flashcards
Defining anatomy and physiology Levels of organization: atoms to organisms Physiological parameters Negative feedback Positive feedback
What is the study of body structure?
Anatomy
What is the study of body function?
Physiology
Name the levels of complexity lowest to most complex
atoms molecules organelles cells tissues organs organ systems organisms
What is the smallest form of chemical matter?
Atom
What is a molecule
Two or more atoms bonded together.
What is the smallest component of life?
Cell
What is a group of related cells that perform a similar role
Tissue
Which tissue forms linings?
Epithelial
Which type of tissue secretes the extracellular matrix?
Connective
Name the tissue that is electrically excitable and conductive for communication purposes/
Nervous
What is contractile tissue?
Muscle
What are multiple tissues that combine to perform an overall function called?
Organ
What is an organ system?
Multiple organs performing an overall role.
What consists of multiple organ systems working together?
Organism
What is a measurable property such as blood pressure?
Pysiological Parameter
Responses at the cellular level are called:
Cellular Physiology
Keeping body paramters constant is referred to as what?
Homeostasis
What do sensory receptors detect?
Environmental changes such as temperature (it’s cold!)
What are receptor responses?
It is the reponse to the information gathered from the sensory detector (forming goosebumps)
What is the purpose of negative feedback?
To maintain homeostasis
How does negative feedback work?
By returning a parameter value to its set point.
What are the components of negative feedback?
Receptor, Control Center and Effector
What does the control center do?
Receives receptor signal and sends singal to Effector
What does the effector do?
Directly causes the change in variable. It is the response.
What does the receptor do?
Detects changes and singnals the control center.
Can set points change?
yes (with exercise for example)
What is the average or mean value for a parameter?
Set point
What is positive feedback?
When the value continues to move away from the set point – beyond the limits for the normal range.
What is childbirth an example of?
Positive feedback
Which feedback is more common in disease?
Abnormal positive feedback
Positive feedback is sometimes illustrated as ______ effect
Zombie
What is the difference between a mean value and a range?
A range includes all values that are considered normal for a parameter. The mean is the average value for that parameter.
