5A) Atomic Structure & 5B) Isotopes and Radioactivity Flashcards
What is an Atom?
An Atom is the smallest unit of an element that has the properties of that element.
What are the three subatomic particles?
Protons, Neutrons, Electrons
All the ____ is in the nucleus of an atom, while the _____ is in the ______.
Mass, Volume, Electron Cloud
The areas of space an electron are arranged in is called what?
An electron shelf, or energy levels
An atomic number tells you the number of _____ of an atom, and as a result, tells you the number of _____.
Protons, Electrons
What does the mass number tell you?
The total number of particles in the nucleus.
What is the Relative Atomic Mass?
The Average Mass of an atom for that element.
Titanium has an Atomic Number of 22. and a rounded atomic weight of 48. How many Protons, Electrons and Neutrons
22 Protons, 22 Electrons, 26 Neutrons
A _____ is an atom with an unstable nucleus that spontaneously _____ and emits _____ until the nucleus becomes stable.
Radioisotope, decays, radiation
True or False: Alpha Particles need wood, metal or steel blockers to avoid radiation harm.
False, Alpha particles are relatively easy to block with most things, such as paper or cloth.
What are the two potential consequences of Direct Radiation damage?
With high doses, the cell cannot repair itself and it dies. If it damages the cell DNA, mutations can occur, which might develop cancer.
What is a consequence of Indirect Radiation?
The charged particles of this type of radiation create new molecules within a cell, which can damage other cell molecules, leading to cell death and mutations.
What cells are most at risk of radiation damage?
Cells that are actively dividing, such as hair follicles, gonads, skin and the lining of the GI tract.
With decaying Radioisotopes, what does high instability mean for its half-life?
The higher the instability, the shorter its half-life. The more stable, the longer.
What is the charge and composition of an alpha particle?
Alphas particles are +2 charged, and they consist of 2 protons and two neutrons.
