10A) Carbohydrates, 10B) Proteins and Lipids

Question 1

What are pentoses?

Answer 1

A sugar with 5 carbons, found in DNA and RNA.

Question 2

What are Hexoses?

Answer 2

A sugar with 6 carbons.

Question 3

What are the three Monosaccharides?

Answer 3

Glucose, Galactose, Fructose

Question 4

Glucose + Glucose=

Answer 4

Maltose

Question 5

Glucose + Fructose=

Answer 5

Sucrose

Question 6

Glucose + Galactose=

Answer 6

Lactose

Question 7

What are the names of the enzymes that breakdown disaccharides?

Answer 7

Sucrase, Lactase, Maltase

Question 8

What are the three polysaccharides?

Answer 8

Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose

Question 9

Once absorbed, fructose and galactose are turned into _____ in the liver.

Answer 9

Glucose

Question 10

Enzyme names usually end in ______.

Answer 10

-ase

Question 11

Starch is made by plant cells to store ______.

Answer 11

Glucose

Question 12

What elements are components of protein?

Answer 12

C, H, O, N and sometimes Se and S

Question 13

What two functional groups are found in all amino acids?

Answer 13

Carboxylic Acid and an Amine

Question 14

If there are less than 50 amino acids in the polymer chain it is a _____.

Answer 14

polypeptide

Question 15

If there are more than 50 amino acids in the polymer chain it is a _____.

Answer 15

protein

Question 16

What determines which of the 20 amino acids an amino acid is?

Answer 16

The “R” Side chain differs

Question 17

The enzyme for protein breakdown into peptides is _____.

Answer 17

protease

Question 18

The enzyme for peptide breakdown into amino acids is _____.

Answer 18

peptidase

Question 19

Lipids are made of what elements?

Answer 19

H, O, C, and sometimes N and P

Question 20

What are the three kinds of lipids?

Answer 20

Triglycerides, Phospholipids, Steroids

Question 21

Triglycerides have a backbone of _____.

Answer 21

Glycerol

Question 22

The enzyme that breaks down triglycerides is called _____.

Answer 22

Lipase

Question 23

How are phospholipids different from triglycerides?

Answer 23

Contain P and often N, only two fatty acids attached to glycerol, it is polar at the head.

Question 24

Steroids are arranged in a _____.

Answer 24

ring

Question 25

What are steroids used for?

Answer 25

The production of membranes, and as a precursor to bile salts, vitamin D and certain hormones.

Question 26

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 26

A chemical reaction where a large molecule is broken down into smaller molecules by reaction with water.

Question 27

What is the primary structure of a protein?

Answer 27

the sequence of amino acids in the chain

Question 28

What is the secondary structure of a protein?

Answer 28

Arrangement of short sections of the chain, its repeating patterns

Question 29

What is the tertiary structure of a protein?

Answer 29

the way chains are folded and twisted.