11A) Nucleic Acids- DNA & 11B) Protein Synthesis - RNA Flashcards
What does a nucleotide consist of?
A phosphate, a pentose and a base.
What is a nucleotide?
Nucleic acid polymer chains
What are four nucleotide bases found in DNA?
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
Adenine always pairs with _____.
Thymine
Guanine always pairs with _____.
Cytosine
What are the four nucleotide bases in RNA?
Adenine
Uracil
Cytosine
Guanine
What are the three kinds of RNA?
mRNA (Messenger)
tRNA (Transfer)
rRNA (Ribosomal)
The two DNA strands are held together by _____ ( 2 words)
Hydrogen Bonds
RNA differs from DNA in what four ways?
Only one strand
Nucleotides have ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose sugar
uracil instead of thymine
shape varies according to type and function
Roughly describe the process of DNA replication.
Enzymes break the weak hydrogen bonds between the bases.
Free Nucleotides match up with their matching base pair on the original strand half.
Two new strands of DNA are synthesized.
Mitosis is needed for what three things?
making new cells for tissue growth, repairing damaged cells, and replacing lost cells.
DNA is transcribed onto _____.
mRNA
True or False: mRNA is identical to the DNA it’s transcribed from.
False, it is a mirror where the RNA bases are paired with the complementary DNA bases.
What are codons?
3 DNA or RNA nucleotides that correspond to specific amino acids.
In the cytoplasm, _____ joins to a specific amino acid determined by the base sequence of a special region called the anticodon.
tRNA
The two amino acids carried by the tRNA join by forming a _____ (2 words)
peptide bond
Describe the process of transcription.
A segment of DNA unravels and mRNA forms against the DNA template. mRNA emerges from the nucleus via a nuclear pore.
The _____ (2 words) forms secretory vesicles containing the protein to be secreted.
Golgi Apparatus
Is this the correct sequence?
DNA transcription in nucleus -> mRNA -> Translation in ribosomes in cytoplasm-> New Protein
It is correct
The new proteins in secretory vesicles exit the cell via _____.
Exocytosis
