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CSCP402-Essentials of Cell Biology and Chemistry > 11A) Nucleic Acids- DNA & 11B) Protein Synthesis - RNA > Flashcards

11A) Nucleic Acids- DNA & 11B) Protein Synthesis - RNA Flashcards

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1
Q

What does a nucleotide consist of?

A

A phosphate, a pentose and a base.

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2
Q

What is a nucleotide?

A

Nucleic acid polymer chains

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3
Q

What are four nucleotide bases found in DNA?

A

Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine

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4
Q

Adenine always pairs with _____.

A

Thymine

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5
Q

Guanine always pairs with _____.

A

Cytosine

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6
Q

What are the four nucleotide bases in RNA?

A

Adenine
Uracil
Cytosine
Guanine

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7
Q

What are the three kinds of RNA?

A

mRNA (Messenger)
tRNA (Transfer)
rRNA (Ribosomal)

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8
Q

The two DNA strands are held together by _____ ( 2 words)

A

Hydrogen Bonds

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9
Q

RNA differs from DNA in what four ways?

A

Only one strand
Nucleotides have ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose sugar
uracil instead of thymine
shape varies according to type and function

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10
Q

Roughly describe the process of DNA replication.

A

Enzymes break the weak hydrogen bonds between the bases.

Free Nucleotides match up with their matching base pair on the original strand half.

Two new strands of DNA are synthesized.

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11
Q

Mitosis is needed for what three things?

A

making new cells for tissue growth, repairing damaged cells, and replacing lost cells.

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12
Q

DNA is transcribed onto _____.

A

mRNA

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13
Q

True or False: mRNA is identical to the DNA it’s transcribed from.

A

False, it is a mirror where the RNA bases are paired with the complementary DNA bases.

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14
Q

What are codons?

A

3 DNA or RNA nucleotides that correspond to specific amino acids.

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15
Q

In the cytoplasm, _____ joins to a specific amino acid determined by the base sequence of a special region called the anticodon.

A

tRNA

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16
Q

The two amino acids carried by the tRNA join by forming a _____ (2 words)

A

peptide bond

17
Q

Describe the process of transcription.

A

A segment of DNA unravels and mRNA forms against the DNA template. mRNA emerges from the nucleus via a nuclear pore.

18
Q

The _____ (2 words) forms secretory vesicles containing the protein to be secreted.

A

Golgi Apparatus

19
Q

Is this the correct sequence?

DNA transcription in nucleus -> mRNA -> Translation in ribosomes in cytoplasm-> New Protein

A

It is correct

20
Q

The new proteins in secretory vesicles exit the cell via _____.

A

Exocytosis

CSCP402-Essentials of Cell Biology and Chemistry (11 decks)

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