5.5 - Seismic hazards

Question 1

Define earthquake

Answer 1

Release of seismic energy

Question 2

Name the 2 types of body wave

Answer 2

P - travel through solids and liquids

S - travel through solids

Question 3

Name the 2 types of surface wave

Answer 3

Love - shake ground at 90o

Rayleigh - shake in rolling motion

Question 4

Define aftershock

Answer 4

Small earthquakes that occur in the same general area the days following the main shock

Question 5

What is the Benioff zone?

Answer 5

Where earthquakes occur as oceanic plate is subducted

Question 6

Which is on the surface. Epicentre or focus?

Answer 6

Epicentre

Question 7

3 ways to predict earthquake

Answer 7

Gas monitors
Cameras record animal behaviour
Strain meters on faults

Question 8

3 ways to plan for earthquakes

Answer 8

Refuse planning permission
Important buildings are asymmetrically designed
Essential services spread out

Question 9

3 ways to prepare for earthquakes

Answer 9

Ensure dams aren’t on active faults
Hazard strategy
Strap / brace buildings

Question 10

2 case studies used for earthquakes

Answer 10

Haiti and Chile

Question 11

Describe Chile 2010 earthquake

Answer 11

8.8
Nazca and S.American place
Destructive

Question 12

Areas affected in Chile 2010 earthquake

Answer 12

Santiago

Maule

Question 13

Social impacts of Chile 2010 earthquake (3)

Answer 13

500 deaths
1500km of road destroyed
200,000 buildings destroyed

Question 14

Political impacts of Chile 2010 earthquake (1)

Answer 14

Had money to repair damage

Question 15

Economic impacts of Chile 2010 earthquake (2)

Answer 15

$20b in damage (15% of GDP)

Copper mines temporality closed so global prices increased

Question 16

Environmental impacts of Chile 2010 earthquake (3)

Answer 16

Tsunami
Chemical fire
Landslides

Question 17

Chile 2010 earthquake response (2)

Answer 17

10 days - 90% of power and water restored in homes

Cleared the main highway in 24hrs

Question 18

Describe Haiti 2010 earthquake (3)

Scale
Plates

Answer 18

7.0
Caribbean and N.american plate
Conservative

Question 19

Social impacts of Haiti 2010 earthquake (4)

Answer 19

220,000 deaths
1 million homeless
60% of government buildings destroyed
1300 camps remained after 7 years

Question 20

Areas affected by Haiti 2010 earthquake

Answer 20

Port au Prince

Question 21

How deep was Haiti earthquake focus?

Answer 21

12km

Question 22

Economic impacts of Haiti 2010 earthquake (2)

Answer 22

1/5 jobs lost

$8b in damage

Question 23

Environmental impacts of Haiti 2010 earthquake (4)

Answer 23

Cholera
No crops
Water contamination
Woodland fires (gas explosion)

Question 24

Political impacts of Haiti 2010 earthquake (2)

Answer 24

No money to repair damage

6 months later 98% of rubble remained