5.3 - Volcanic hazards

Question 1

Define plume

Answer 1

Melting rock

Question 2

2 volcanic eruptions case studies

Answer 2

Eyjafjallajökull - Iceland 2010

Mt. Nyiragongo - DRC 2002

Question 3

Iceland volcanic eruption political impacts (1)

Answer 3

No planes were flying in Europe

Question 4

Iceland volcanic eruption environmental impacts (2)

Answer 4

Ash -> planktonic boom

No planes so 2.8 million tonnes of CO2 prevent from entering atmosphere

Question 5

Iceland volcanic eruption social impacts

Answer 5

700 people evacuated
Goggles and facemasks
Road closures

Question 6

Iceland volcanic eruption economic impacts (3)

Answer 6

Airlines lost $130 million
Tourism decreased (lost $5.5 million per day)
Livestock escaped

Question 7

DRC volcanic eruption social impacts (4)

Answer 7

12,500 homes destroyed
400,000 homes evacuated
Overcrowded refugee camps
14 villages destroyed

Question 8

DRC volcanic eruption environmental impacts

Answer 8

Lava covered 15% of Goma
Toxic gas caused acid rain
Cattle died

Question 9

DRC volcanic eruption economic impacts

Answer 9

350,000 relied on aid 3 months later

Job losses

Question 10

Define lahar

Answer 10

Destructive mudflow

Question 11

Define shield volcano

Answer 11

Has gently sloping sides

Question 12

Define tephra

Answer 12

Rock fragments ejected from volcano

Question 13

3 ways to plan for a volcanic eruption

Answer 13

Evacuate areas
Buildings on beams/stilts so can be moved
Steep roofs so ash doesn’t build up

Question 14

3 ways to predict a volcanic eruption

Answer 14

Tiltmeter so shoe changing slope
Ultrasound - magma size
Gas sampling

Question 15

3 ways to prevent a volcanic eruption

Answer 15

Spray water to divert lava
Artificial dam to move lava away from towns
Artificial drainage channels for larhas