5.1 - The concept of hazards

Question 1

Define hazard

Answer 1

A threat that could potentially cause damage, injury or death. Leads to socio-economic disruption to environmental degradation.

Question 2

Define disaster

Answer 2

A major hazard event that causes widespread disruption

Question 3

Criteria the UN uses to define a disaster (4)

Answer 3

10+ deaths
100+ affected
Declaration of a state of emergency
Request for assistance from government

Question 4

4 types of hazard

Answer 4

Atmospheric
Geomorphological
Biological
Tectonic

Question 5

Atmospheric hazard cause and 3 examples

Answer 5

Climate extremes

Drought, flood, tornado

Question 6

Geomorphological hazard cause and 3 examples

Answer 6

Changes of slope

Avalanche, landslide, mudflow

Question 7

Biological hazard cause and 3 examples

Answer 7

Living things

Pests, poisoning, bacteria/disease

Question 8

Tectonic hazard cause and 3 examples

Answer 8

Plate margins

Tsunami, volcanic eruption, earthquake

Question 9

Describe the disaster response curve

Answer 9

Flat then go down rapidly (hazardous geological event)
Going down - deterioration (quality of life, social stability, economic activity)
Go up slowly - recovery (temp. houses, rehabilitation)
Move past original point - improvement

Question 10

Name 5 human hazards

Answer 10

Fire caused by arson
Oil spill
Disease created in a lab
Explosion
Dam failure

Question 11

Name 5 physical factors

Answer 11

Earthquake
Tsunami
Landslide
Tornado
Drought

Question 12

Shape of the disaster response curve (Parks’ model)

Answer 12

__
\ /
../

Question 13

Name the 4 parts of the hazard management cycle (in order)

Answer 13

Response
Preparedness Recovery
Mitigation

Question 14

Define response in terms of the hazard management cycle

Answer 14

Efforts created to minimise the hazards created by a disaster (search and rescue)

Question 15

Define recovery in terms of the hazard management cycle

Answer 15

Returning the community to normal (temporary housing, medical care)

Question 16

Define mitigation in terms of the hazard management cycle

Answer 16

Minimising the effects of the disaster (education, building codes)

Question 17

Define preparedness in terms of the hazard management cycle

Answer 17

Planning how to respond (emergency exercises, warning systems)

Question 18

Three approaches to hazard perception are …….

Answer 18

Acceptance, domination and adaption

Question 19

What is acceptance in terms of hazard perception

Answer 19

Fatalistic tendencies, people believe hazards are a art of life or an act of God

Question 20

What is domination in terms of hazard perception

Answer 20

Hazards are predictable and can be understood with scientific research

Question 21

What is adaption in terms of hazard perception

Answer 21

Hazards are influenced by natural and human events. Magnitude and frequency can be based off experience

Question 22

Define quasi-natural hazards

Answer 22

Caused by both human and natural factors

Question 23

5 examples of a quasi-natural hazard and why they’re quasi natural

Answer 23

Wildfire - arson / BBQ
Earthquake - fracking
Tropical storm - global warming
Deforestation
Avalanche - skiing

Question 24

Define compound hazard

Answer 24

Disaster that has 2 or more hazards

Question 25

Compound hazard example

Answer 25

Cyclone - lightning, rain, storm surge