5.5 - Plant and Animal responses Flashcards
What is the Nervous system?
A highly complex part of an animal that coordinates its actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body.
What is the somatic nervous system?
A component of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of the body movements via the use of skeletal muscles (voluntary movements)
What is the sympathetic system?
One of the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system that helps in fight-to-fight response when someone is stressed.
What is the central nervous system?
The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. It combines information from the entire body and coordinates activity across the whole organism.
What is a spinal chord?
A column of nerves that connects your brain with the rest of your body, allowing you to control your movements.
What is the sensory system?
Sensory system- A sensory system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information. For example: vision, hearing, somatic sensation (touch), taste and olfaction (smell)
What is the motor system?
The part of the peripheral nervous system that is involved with movement
What is the peripheral nervous system?
Consists of the nerves that branch out from the brain and spinal cord. These nerves form the communication network between the CNS and the body parts.
What is the autonomic nervous system?
A component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary physiologic processes including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, and sexual arousal.
What is the parasympathetic system?
Controls bodily functions when a person is at rest. Some of its activities include stimulating digestion, activating metabolism, and helping the body relax.
What is the brain?
A complex organ that controls thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, breathing, temperature, hunger and every process that regulates our body. Together, the brain and spinal cord that extends from it make up the central nervous system, or CNS.
What are the effects of the cytokinin hormones?
- Promotes cell division
- Delays leaf senescence
- To overcome apical dominance
- Promotes cell expansion
What are the effects of the hormone abscisic acid?
- Inhibits seed germination and growth
- Causes stomata closure when the plant is stressed by low water availability
What are the effects of auxin hormones? (Produced in the tip)
- Promotes cell elongation
- Inhibits growth of side-shoots
- Inhibits leaf abscission (leaves falling)
- Responsible for apical dominance
What are the effect of gibberellin hormones?
- Promotes seed germination
- Promotes the growth of stems
What is the effect of ethene hormones?
-Promotes fruit ripening
What are the 2 divisions of the nervous system?
Central, peripheral
What are the 2 organs of the central nervous system?
Brain, spinal cord
What organ connects the central and peripheral nervous systems?
Spinal cord
What type of neurones is the brain mostly composed from?
Relay
What are the 2 divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
Sensory, motor
What are the 2 divisions of the motor nervous system?
Somatic, autonomic
What is the function of the somatic nervous system?
Conduct action potentials to effectors that are under voluntary / conscious control.
What are 2 structural features of the somatic nervous system?
Mostly myelinated neurones, single neurone connects CNS to effector
What effectors are controlled by the somatic nervous system?
Skeletal muscles
What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?
Conduct action potentials to effectors that are not under voluntary / conscious control.
What are 3 structural features of the autonomic nervous system?
Mostly non-myelinated neurones, at least 2 neurones connects CNS to effector, connections between neurones called ganglia