547-549 - Renal Drugs Flashcards
Describe the effects of mannitol on:
- tubular fluid osmolarity
- urine flow
- intracranial/intraocular pressure
- ↑ tubular fluid osmolarity
- ↑ urine flow
- ↓ intracranial/intraocular pressure
What are the clinical uses of mannitol?
- Drug overdose
2. ↑ intracranial/intraocular pressure
What are the toxicities of mannitol?
- pulmonary edema
2. dehydration
Contraindications of mannitol use?
- anuria
2. CHF
What is the mechanism of acetazolamide?
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor – causes self-limited NaHCO3 diuresis and ↓ total body HCO3- stores
What are 5 clinical uses of acetazolamide?
- Glaucoma
- Urinary alkalinization
- Metabolic alkalosis
- Altitude sickness
- Pseudotumor cerebri
What are the toxicities of acetazolamide?
- Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
- Paresthesias
- NH3 toxicity
- Sulfa allergy
“ACID”azolamide causes ACIDosis
What is furosemide?
A sulfonamide loop diuretic that inhibits N/K/2 Cl cotransporter of TAL
What effect do loop diuretics on the tonicity of the medulla of the kidney?
abolish the hypertonicity of the medulla → prevents concentration of urine
What effects do loop diuretics have on PGE release?
stimulates PGE release → vasodilation of afferent arteriole (inhibited by NSAIDS)
What effect do loop diuretics have on Ca2+?
↑ Ca2+ excretion (Loops Lose Calcium)
What are the clinical uses of loop diuretics?
- Edematous states: CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, pulmonary edema
- Hypertension
- Hypercalcemia
What are the toxicities of loop diuretics?
- Ototoxicity
- Hypokalemia
- Dehydration
- Allergy (sulfa)
- Nephritis (interstitial)
- Gout
OH DANG
What is ethacrynic acid?
A loop diuretic with the same action as furosemide, but derived from phenoxyacetic acid (so not a sulfonamide). It’s used for diuresis in patients allergic to sulfa drugs.
What are the toxicities of ethacrynic acid?
similar to furosemide (OH DANG) - can cause hyperuricemia – do not use to treat gout