490 - Glaucoma drugs Flashcards

1
Q

How does epinephrine help in the treatment of glaucoma?

A

↓ aqueous humor synthesis via vasoconstriction (α-agonism)

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2
Q

What is brimonidine and what is its mechanism in the treatment of glaucoma?

A

an α2 agonist; ↓ aqueous humor synthesis

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3
Q

Does epinephrine cause mydriasis or miosis as a side effect?

A

mydriasis

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4
Q

Is epinephrine used for open or closed-angle glaucoma?

A

open: due to mydriatic effect it is contraindicated for closed angle glaucoma

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5
Q

Blurry vision, ocular hyperemia, foreign body sensation, ocular allergic reactions, and ocular pruritus are side effects of which glaucoma drug?

A

Brimonidine

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6
Q

How do β-blockers help in the treatment of glaucoma?

A

↓ aqueous humor synthesis

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7
Q

What are 3 examples of β-blockers used in the treatment of glaucoma?

A

timolol, betaxolol, carteolol

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of action of acetazolamide in its use as a glaucoma treatment?

A

↓ aqueous humor synthesis

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9
Q

What are eye-related side effects in the use of β-blockers for the treatment of glaucoma?

A

No pupillary or vision changes

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10
Q

What are eye-related side effects in the use of acetazolamide for the treatment of glaucoma?

A

No pupillary or vision changes

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11
Q

Give 2 examples of direct cholinomimetics used in the treatment of glaucoma:

A

pilocarpine, carbachol

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12
Q

Give 2 examples of indirect cholinomimetics used in the treatment of glaucoma:

A

physostigmine, echothiophate

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13
Q

How do cholinomimetics help in glaucoma?

A

↑ outflow of aqueous humor via contraction of ciliary muscle and opening of trabecular meshwork

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14
Q

What is one glaucoma drug that can be used in an emergency? why?

A

pilocarpine: it is very effective at opening meshwork into the canal of Schlemm

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15
Q

What are the eye-related side effects of cholinomimetics?

A

Miosis and cyclospasm (contraction of ciliary muscle)

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16
Q

Which prostaglandin can be used in the treatment of glaucoma? Why?

A

Latanoprost (PGF2α); it increases outflow of aqueous humor

17
Q

What is one eye-related side effect of latanoprost?

A

darkens color of iris (browning)