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5300 Quiz 4 to Final Flashcards

1
Q

What is a broad definition of ethics?

A

The system or code of morals of a particular group, profession, religion, etc. Moral Code.

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2
Q

What are some of the issues related to medical ethics that might be of concern to allied health professionals?

A

Genetic testing. Genetic manipulation. Cloning. Reproductive freedom. Patient self-determination. Disclosure of HIV status.

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3
Q

How could these ethical issues affect managers?

A

Should a hospital run like a business.

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4
Q

What do hospitals do to facilitate dilemmas that may arise from medical ethics?

A

Policies. Ethics committees.

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5
Q

What specific ethics issues arise when health care facilities “run like a business?”

A

Who gets service and who does not. How much provider compensation is legitimate. Is medical advertising ethical.

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6
Q

Regulatory compliance program

A

To ensure compliance with all applicable laws and regulations, emphasis usually concerns compliance in billing and reimbursement from Medicare, Medicaid, gov programs, private insurers. Must be in compliance with the DHHS.

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7
Q

Conflict of interest

A

Ethical issue. When ever an objective observer of one’s actions would have cause to wonder whether the observed actions are motivated solely by organizational concerns or external concerns.

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8
Q

When is conflict of interest most likely to emerge?

A

Most frequently in the healthcare manager’s management of a department of group.

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9
Q

Concerning information, an organization’s ethical standard of conduct may set forth the following principles:

A

Disclosure ob business secrets or proprietary info is prohibited. Upon termination, all organizational property & info must be surrendered. Use of inside info for personal gain is prohibited.

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10
Q

The Self-Referral Law

A

Stark law. Physician cannot be paid for “kickback” referring patients to another entity, especially one w/ which they have a finical relationship.

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11
Q

Concerning conflict of interest, employees must:

A

Avoid placing business where there is conflicting financial interest. Derive no personal financial gain from the org’s business. All personal business on own time. Do not hire relatives. Avoid soliciting gifts, free meals, etc. Avoid accepting gifts. Protect pt & provider intro. Never charge to expedite admission.

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12
Q

Applying organizational assets for personal use:

A

Org’s assets are for business use only, telephones, computers, copiers. Most common ethical breach in organizational life.

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13
Q

Political activity

A

The key consideration is maintaining neutrality. No not-for-profit entity may take sides or otherwise support a political party or candidate.

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14
Q

Employee privacy

A

Must maintain strict need to know criteria for access to personnel records.

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15
Q

Patient confidentiality

A

All patient info is subject to the strictest need to know criteria. HIPPA

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16
Q

In admitting & caring for patients:

A

Admit & care for without regard to race, color, economic status, etc. Provide all w/ pt’s bill of rights. Treat all in a respectful, considerate manner. Include pt in treatment decisions. Respect privacy & confidentiality of all.

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17
Q

How do you address ethical issues?

A

Publish and disseminate ethical standards. Have employee ethics hotline. Formal ethics committee.

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18
Q

What is the supervisor’s key role in ethics?

A

Must ensure all employees read, review, and understand the organizations ethical standards of conduct. Model ethical behavior - greatest influence in shaping employee behavior.

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19
Q

Where do the strongest examples of unethical behavior occur?

A

Are those visible breaches that occur at high organizational levels.

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20
Q

A business’s ethical standards should be written…

A

in positive, constructive terms, laying out practical guidelines for ethical practice.

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21
Q

What is a broad definition of ethics?

A

A code of morals of a particular group

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22
Q

Which of the following IS NOT an issue related to medical ethics that might be of cocern to allied health professionals?

A

A patient’s right to privacy

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23
Q

What do hospitals do to facilitate dilemmas that may arise from medical ethics?

A

Obtain insight and guidance from a hospital ethics committee

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24
Q

Of the following, which IS NOT a specific ethical issue that arises when health care facilities “run like a business?”

A

New areas of care

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25
With what does regulatory compliance usually refer?
Billing and reimbursement from Medicare and Medicaid
26
What is meant by "conflict of interest?"
Real or perceived behavior that suggests personal gain from external dealings
27
When a computer in your department is replaced, it's o.k. for you to take the old one home for your children to use.
false
28
It's o.k. to make long distance phone calls from the secretary's desk during lunch hour.
False
29
It's ethical to download an expensive software program at work for use at home.
False
30
It's ethical to share information about an interesting case at a social gathering.
False
31
It's ethical to tell a friend at a competing hospital about plans your hospital has for new programs.
False
32
It's ethical to discuss an ethical dilemma you have with your supervisor.
True
33
It's ethical for you to start a home care program and refer your hospitalized patients to it.
False
34
It's ethical for you to write a letter to your political representative during work, using hospital stationery.
False
35
You'll need to sign a form if you want your employer to send your personnel information to another hospital where you are seeking a job.
True
36
Which new law relates to protection of patient privacy?
HIPPA
37
Ethical issues with regards to employee relationships are adequately handled by current laws.
False
38
What lesson should you learn from the situation presented at the beginning of the chapter? (Who should be laid off first.)
Each hospital should have a written policy regarding layoffs in case of fiscal emergency
39
Of the following, what is a primary function of a hospital's ethics committee?
Develop and revise policies pertaining to clinical ethics
40
What is the current status of ethical behaviors among American youth?
Teens are more likely to cheat, steal and lie than 10 years ago
41
Based on current trends, how will the role of a supervisor change with regards to ethical behaviors?
Expect less compliance with ethical standards
42
What are the two major types of teams
Special purpose team. Departmental team.
43
The special purpose team
Whether assembled ad hoc for a specific purpose or ongoing for some contenting purpose.
44
Why do potential legal problems arise with regards to Employee or Project Teams?
They could be adjudged an illegal labor organization under the National Labor Relations Act. (NLRA).
45
What is the nature of the legal problems that can arise with teams?
Can be seen as intruding on the territory of labor unions.
46
What can management do to avoid the legal problems that arise from teams?
ID up front - they are non intended as employee channels to management. Keep the focus on work improvement only. Volunteers, or rotate membership. Give them decision making authority, if possible. Keep a majority of managers on ongoing teams. Ad hoc teams & disband them when the purpose is served.
47
What to avoid in using employee teams:
Don't permit them to address, or solicit anything about terms and conditions of employment from them. Don't let them become gripe sessions. Don't mandate employee participation or ask employees to represent others. Don't allow a team to operation without a clear charge or mission,
48
What are several shortcomings of Project teams?
Unwillingness to set aside power & rank. Unequal knowledge. Reward systems support individual performance, discourage teamwork. Appraisals must focus on the team. Lack of top management commitment. Teams are interdependent. Strong leadership is required.
49
Team building
An organized, systematic process of unifying a group of employees w/ common objectives into an effective and efficiently functioning work unit.
50
True team building requires:
Shared power and authority. Increased employee participation.
51
True team building can:
Foster increased productivity while maintaining or improving quality. Improve work climate, enhance work relationships, and increase employee satisfaction.
52
"Team effect"
synergy.
53
What can be done to enhance the motivational climate in a department?
Empowerment. Decentralize certain tasks when appropriate. Job enhancement - vary tasks. Cross-train when possible. Look opportunities for increased participation - take contributions seriously. Special assignments for some. Use enhanced feedback on performance - praise.
54
What are the stages of team building?
Formation. Disequilibrium. Role definition. Maturity. Maintenance.
55
Formation
Can be from the ground up, or due to change in leadership of group, merger of groups. Individual commitment is tentative.
56
Disequilibrium
Still individuals, competitive, may be protective of the work they do. Some groups never move beyond this stage.
57
Role definition
Team identity begins to emerge as roles are clarified and interrelationships of roles are established. More open communication. To move beyond this stage the manager must see self as part of the team and equate team success with personal success.
58
Maturity
High levels of cooperation, mutual trust & support, and productivity. Take pride in team accomplishments, high job satisfaction.
59
Maintenance
Team must adapt as the circumstances around it change. New members must be assimilated through orientation, coaching, etc.
60
What is the value of team involvement to the individual?
Accomplishment of things larger than they could accomplish alone.
61
What is the single greatest determinant of successful team building, why?
The department manager's leadership style.
62
What is the best leadership style for effective teams?
Participative
63
What advice can be given to a manager to facilitate effective team building?
Be aware of why employees want from their employment. Be seen as IDing more with the department than higher management. Be visible and available. Delegate. Give opportunity to learn & grow. Deadlines & follow-up are important. Participative. Team participation in decision making.
64
Which are examples of the major types of teams described in the textbook?
A supervisor and his/her subordinates. Quality circles
65
Why do potentially legal problems arise with regards to Employee or Project Teams?
Teams may deal with issues reserved to unions
66
issues create problems if assigned to work teams? Issues dealing with
Conditions of employment
67
What are several shortcomings of Project Teams created in hospitals or other health care institutions?
Domination by managerial staff. Management designation of team mission and charge
68
What should employee teams not be allowed to discuss?
wages, complaints, work hours, grievances, benefits.
69
When is an employee team most likely to encounter a legal problem? During the period of
active union organizing
70
Effective employee teams are designed to serve as a channel to management?
False
71
Employee teams should be limited to discussion of work improvement topics?
True. "Not working conditions"
72
It is best for teams to be comprised of employees voted by and representing the entire department.
False
73
Project teams should be put in place like standing committees: assign those with most competence and give them ongoing responsibility.
False
74
When are legal problems least likely? When there is
neither a union nor unionizing activity
75
What is the difference between a departmental team and a group of employees working within the same department? Only a team has
a common direction and purpose
76
Which of the following are essential for team building?
organized group unification, synergistic effect, common goals and objectives, continuing process
77
What is "team effect?"
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts
78
What two factors does team building require?
Shared power and authority. Increased employee participation
79
All true motivation is self motivation?
True
80
The motivational climate can be enhanced by decentralization of work and authority?
True
81
Job enhancement is likely to lead to greater job satisfaction?
True
82
What would make an ongoing team revert to the stage of Formation?
Turnover in team leadership
83
How might you characterize a team at the state of Disequilibrium?
Individuality dominates
84
At what stage are most teams that have worked together well for several months?
Role definition
85
What is the single greatest determinant of successful team building?
Manager's leadership style
86
Which style of management is best suited to team building?
Participative
87
Members of mature teams have a high level of pride and personal satisfaction?
True
88
In what way does an effective manager set him/herself apart from the staff of a team?
Bears the burden of responsibility
89
What makes a health care team different from those mentioned in Chapter 23? Only a health care team
Has a patient centered focus
90
What are the 10 competencies of a Health Care Team?
pt centered focus. Establishment of a common goal. Understanding of other member's roles. Confidence in team members. Flexibility in roles. Joint understanding of group norms. mechanism for conflict resolution. Effective communications. Shared responsibility for team actions. Evaluation & "feedback"
91
What conclusions can be drawn from union organizing campaigns in the past 2-3 decades?
Most past organizing campaigns focused on economic issues. Many union victories result from arbitrary, uncaring, or uncommunicative management. Anxiety produced by lack of knowledge of what's really happening aids unions.
92
What 3 basic errors do managers commonly make in assessing the potential for success of union organizing efforts?
The belief that all major issues are economic - initial unionizing activity often springs from noneconomic issues. Assuming all supervisors side with management. Nobody at the top really knows what's troubling workers.
93
What steps do managers sometimes take that push employees toward unionization?
Introducing major changes without advance notice, or explanation. Giving no info about financial status, or goals, plans. Making key decision in ignorance of the employees' true desirers. Using pressure to get performance. Disregarding employee dissatisfaction.
94
What is the status of unionization among the health care work force?
the percentage of the healthcare work force that is unionized is presently the largest it has ever been.
95
What are the usual concerns that form the basis of unionization and labor contracts?
Job security. Pay and benefits. The turmoil in healthcare provides added impetus to union organizing. Many conditions presently favor the unions.
96
Who is in the key position when it comes to unionizing efforts, and why is this the case?
The supervisor. Your employees see the company as they see you.
97
What goes on during the initial stages of union organization?
the union will investigate the institution with out announcing their presence or intention, may have secret meetings. Leafleting. Then, recruitment of internal organizers. IDing issues and uncovering alluded injustices. Gathering employee support. Finally, petitioning the NLRB for an election.
98
Who has the upper hand under the NLRA?
The union
99
What should a hospital do for its managers when the hospital is targeted for unionization?
Classroom training on the do's and don't's of organizing pressure.
100
In general, what types of things is a supervisor permitted to do when union organizers begin to work a hospital or nursing home?
Tell employes how they feel about unionizing and give information about the union and it's member. Not allow organizing activity to occur at work, or during working hours.
101
What types of things are not permitted by a supervisor when union organizing activity begins?
"TIPS" Threaten, interrogate, promise, spy
102
What federal group oversees union activity?
National Labor Relations Board
103
At what point can an election be held to determine if employees want a union to represent them?
Usually have or more of the employees have signed cards, although only 30% of eligible employees signatures are needed.
104
What does it mean when an employee signs a union card?
Is an expression of interest in having an election.
105
In a hospital, what groups might be represented by a single bargaining unit?
Nursing. Maintenance. Housekeeping.
106
What happens if a union vote is positive?
The union needs only a simple majority vote to be certified by the board as the legal bargaining agent for all persons who work in the unit.
107
What is the role of the supervisor when employees are unionized?
Learn and abide by the contract. Keep the lines of communicate open.
108
What is the trend in union activity in hospitals and nursing homes?
20% of workers and climbing
109
What often leads to unionization?
poor management
110
Among the following, which IS NOT a basic error that managers commonly make in assessing the potential for success of union organizing efforts?
Tell employees that the hospital will do all it can to protect them
111
What are basic errors that managers make in assessing potential for success of union organizing efforts?
Belief that dissatisfaction is due to poor wages and benefits. Assumption that all supervisors are in support of management. Disregard for the basic concerns of non-managerial staff.
112
Why do people join unions?
Inattentive management
113
What accounts for union expansion in health care?
high stress; low job security
114
What activity of management fosters unionization?
disregard for employee dissatisfaction
115
What is one thing a supervisor can do to ward off a union?
treat everyone fairly and equitably
116
Which of the following IS NOT a consideration in recent organizing activity?
Participative decision making
117
What are considerations in recent organizing activity?
Economic issues. Job security. Quality of work life
118
Who is in the key position when it comes to unionizing efforts?
The immediate supervisor
119
What is the first step toward unionization?
Organizers build support
120
What should a hospital do for its managers when the hospital is targeted for unionization?
Provide classroom training on guidelines
121
In general, what types of things is a supervisor permitted to do when union organizers begin to work a hospital or nursing home?
Advocate against unionization. Provide factual information to employees
122
What is a good acronym to summarize what is NOT PERMITTED by a supervisor when union organizing activity begins?
TIPS
123
When may a union petition to hold a vote? When
30% of eligible employees have signed a union card
124
What does it mean when a employee signs a union card?
Interest in holding an election
125
Which of the following MAY NOT be represented by a bargaining unit?
Department heads
126
Who oversees the process when employees vote for a union?
NLRB
127
What happens if a union vote is positive?
A contract will be negotiated
128
What is the role of the supervisor when employees are unionized?
Learn and abide by the contract
129
What is the relationship between a union contract and motivation? The contract would mostly cover
lower needs in Maslow's hierarchy
130
Which of the following IS NOT generally included in a union contract?
job descriptions

5300 Quiz 1 (6 decks)

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