5.3 Classification

Question 1

What is the system used in organism taxonomy?

Answer 1

BINOMIAL SYSTEM OF NOMENCLATURE - formal system by which all organisms are classified

Initially developed by Carlus Lineus - updated and accepted at international congress - held every 4 years

Question 2

Advantages of the binomial system of nomenclature?

Answer 2

• allows ogrganism comparison
• an international name is created - easier communication
• shows how organisms are related - preictions of evolutionary links
• easier to sort organisms

Question 3

Homo sapiens - how it is constructed?

Answer 3

Homo - genus (upper case)

sapiens - species (lower case)

Homo sapiens - when types

Homo sapiens - when hand written

Question 4

What are the domains into which organisms are classifed?

Answer 4

• Eukarya
• Archaea (prokaryotic + extremophyles)
• Eubacteria (prokaryotic - common pathogenic forms)

Archaea and Eubacteria used to be Monera but biochemical evidence suggested they are different

Question 5

Define taxonomy

Answer 5

TAXONOMY - a branch of science involved in classifying organisms based on shared characteristics

Question 6

What are the different taxa

Answer 6

Domain + KPCOFGS

Question 7

What are the types of classification

Answer 7

• artificial: selecting shared characteristics -> grouping - easy to develop but does not show evolutionary relationships (fins - whales and fish grouped)
• natural: grouping based on similarities -> identifying shared characteristics
• based on ancestry - can be used to establish evolutionary relationships - but highly mutable
• phylogenic: grouping of organisms based on shared genetics

Question 8

What are the phyla of plants?

Answer 8

Bryo

Filicino

Conifero

Angios

Question 9

What are the phyla of invertebrates?

Answer 9

Animalia kingdom can be divided into grousp before phyla: vertebrates (backbone) and invertebrates (no backbone)

Question 10

What are the classes of vertebrates?

Answer 10

Animalia kingdom can be divided into grousp before phyla: vertebrates (backbone) and invertebrates (no backbone)

Question 11

What is dichotomous keys?

Answer 11

DICHOTOMOUS KEYS - a system of classification where organisms are divided into two categories repeatedly

Question 12

Eukarya vs Archaea vs Eubacteria

Answer 12

Question 13

What are the types of body symmetry?

Answer 13