2.1 Metabolism molecules Flashcards

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1
Q

Define metabolism

A

METABOLISM: the web of all enzyme-catalysed reactions in a cell/organism

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2
Q

Define anabolism

A

ANABOLISM: synthesis of macromolecules from monomers by CONDENSATION reactions

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3
Q

Define catabolism

A

CATABOLISM: breakdown of macromolecules into monomers by hydrolysis reactions

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4
Q

Main classes of organic compounds

A
  1. Carbohydrates: CHO, short-term E storage, recognition - glycoproteins, structural component of RNA/DNA
  2. Proteins: CHONS, catalysis, cellular signalling, DNA packing
  3. Lipids: hydrophobic, long-term E storage, component of membranes
  4. Nucleic acids: genetic material, code for protein synthesis
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5
Q

Organic subunits

A
  1. Carbohydrates: glucose, galactose, fructose (glycosidic linkages)
  2. Proteins: am. a. (20 standard)
  3. Lipids: no common monomer but fatty acid chains in triglycerides, phospholipids, waxes
  4. Nucleic acids: nucleotides (consists of pentose, phosphate, nitrogenous base)
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6
Q

Generalised amino acid structure

A
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7
Q

Generalised nucleotide structure

A
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8
Q

Generalised fatty acid structure

A
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9
Q

Glucose dimers

A
  1. Maltose: 2 glucose
  2. Sucrose: glucose + fructose
  3. Lactose: glucose + galactose
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10
Q

Glucose polymers

A
  1. Cellulose
  2. Starch
  3. Glycogen
  4. Chitin
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11
Q

Triglyceride

A

3 fatty acid chains + glycerol by ester bonds - fomed by condensation reaction - 3 H2O forms

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12
Q

Formation of dipeptides

A

Dipeptides formed from amino acids in condensation reaction - peptide bond formed

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13
Q

Flasification of vitalism

A

Vitalism: organic compounds can only be synthesised by living systems (vital force)

FALSIFIED: organic molecules can be artificially synthesied

Frederick Woehler (1828) synthesised urea: heated inorganic ammonium cyanate

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14
Q
A
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