5.3 Flashcards
Displacement
Distance an object moves from its equilibrium (rest) position, +ve/-ve
Amplitude
The maximum displacement from rest position
Frequency
The number of oscillations per unit time at any point
Period
Time taken for a complete pattern of oscillation at any point
Angular frequency
2pi/ T, 2pi*f
Phase difference
Fraction of a complete cycle or oscillation between two oscillating points, deg or rad
Simple harmonic motion
Oscillating body who’s acceleration is directly proportional to its displacement from a fixed point and always directed towards that fixed point
Isochronous
Describes the period of SHM, constant and independent of the amplitude of oscillation
Damping
Effect forces play in reducing the amplitude of an oscillation with time, due to energy being removed from the oscillating system
Effects of damping on amplitude and period
Damping reduces the amplitude of oscillation,
Light damping doesn’t effect period
Heavier damping increases length of period
Uses of damping
Quickly reduce amplitude of oscillation,
Suspension of a car in the wheels
Free oscillations
Oscillations where there is no external periodic force, system oscillates at its natural frequency
Natural frequency
Frequency a system oscillates at when undergoing free oscillation
Forced oscillation
Oscillations due to or aided by a an external force or driving force, the system operates at the frequency of the driving force
Resonance
Occurs in forced oscillation when the frequency of the driving force is equal to the natural frequency of oscillating object, oscillation increases to maximum amplitude
