5.1

Question 1

Absolute scale of temperature

Answer 1

Independent of properties of any specific substance

Question 2

Absolute zero

Answer 2

Temperature at which a substance has minimum energy, the lowest limit for temperature on the thermodynamic scale

Question 3

Thermal equilibrium

Answer 3

Objects in contact with each other at the same temperature, no net heat/ energy flow between them

Question 4

Kinetic model of matter

Answer 4

All matter is made up of very small particles which are in constant motion, allows for the explanation of properties of matter and changes of phase in terms of the arrangement of particles, the motion of particles and attractive forces between them

Question 5

Internal energy

Answer 5

The sum of the randomly distributed kinetic potential energies of all the atoms or molecules within a system

Question 6

Brownian motion

Answer 6

Random movement of small visible particles suspended in fluid due to collisions with much smaller, randomly distributed atoms or molecules of the fluid

Question 7

Specific heat capacity

Answer 7

Amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a given substance by 1K

Question 8

Specific latent heat of fusion

Answer 8

Amount of energy required to change the phase of 1kg of a substance from a solid to a liquid

Question 9

Specific latent hear of vaporisation

Answer 9

Amount of energy required to change the phase of 1kg of a substance from a liquid to a gas

Question 10

Mole

Answer 10

Amount of a substance that contains as many particles as there are in exactly 12g if carbon-12, 6.02 x 10^23

Question 11

Ideal gas

Answer 11

Has its internal energy only in the form of random kinetic energy

Question 12

Assumptions of an ideal gas

Answer 12

Gas contains a large number of particles
Particles move rapidly and randomly
All collisions are perfectly elastic
There are negligible attractive forces between particles except during collisions
The time for collisions to happen is negligible compared to the time between collisions
Particles have a negligible volume compared to the volume of gas in the container

Question 13

Boyle’s law

Answer 13

At a constant temperature, the pressure P and the volume V of a fixed mass of gas are inversely proportional

Question 14

Charles’ Law

Answer 14

At constant pressure the volume V of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature T

Question 15

Pressure-Temperature Law

Answer 15

At constant volume, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature

Question 16

Potential energy

Answer 16

In the bonds and forces between particles, changing state energy

Question 17

Kinetic energy in internal energy

Answer 17

Random movement of particles, determines temperature of an object, energy between state changes