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NURS 518 > 526 Ears > Flashcards

526 Ears Flashcards

1
Q

what is secondary otalgia

A

referred pain
the ear receives pain even though cause is from somewhere else

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2
Q

what is the difference between vertigo, syncope and presyncope (or disequilibrium)

A

vertigo = illusion of movement
syncope = fainting
presynction/disequilibrium = off balance

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3
Q

the vestibular system includes what structures

A

vestibular structures in the ear, vestibular nerve, and vestibular structures in the brain

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4
Q

what is the difference between peripheral and centra vertigo

A

peripheral involves the vestibular structures in the ear or the vestibular nerve
central vertigo is from damage to vestibular structures in brainstem or cerebellum

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5
Q

what is the most common cause of peripher vertigo

A

BPPV

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6
Q

what causes BPPV

A

calcium crystals in semicircular canals

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7
Q

what is a cause of vertigo that may occure after an URTI and is it peripheral or central

A

vestibular neuritis (AKA labrynthitis)
peripheral

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8
Q

vestibular neuritis is inflammation of what CN

A

VIII

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9
Q

how is the cause of AOM different from vestiublar neuritis

A

vestibular neuritis is usually caused by virus, AOM is usually bacterial

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10
Q

what causes Menieres disease and what is another name for meniers disease

A

causes by excess endolymp in the semicurcular canals from impaired reabsorption damaging cochlea
also called endolymphatic hydrops

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11
Q

what is an acoustic neuroma and does it cause central or peripheral vertigo

A

schwannoma of CN VIII (the vestibulocochlear nerve)
peripheral vertigo

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12
Q

what condition would cause acoustic neuromas on both vestibulocochlear nerves

A

neurofibromatosis type 2

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13
Q

what medications are toxic to the auditory system and may cause vertigo

A

aminoglycosides
phenytoin (anticonvulsants)
quinine (antimalarials)

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14
Q

what is the most common cause of central veritgo

A

stroke

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15
Q

what are central causes of vertigo

A

stoke
tumor to brainstem or cerebellum
MS

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16
Q

true or false: both central and peripheral vertigo will have nystagmus

A

true

17
Q

what direction will the nystagmus be in peripheral vertigo?

A

horizontal
torsional
vertigo

18
Q

what direction will the nystagmus be in central

A

horizontal or torsional
NEVER vertical

19
Q

how will the results of the dix hallpike differ between central and peripheral vertigo

A

Central - no lag time, lasts >1min, provokes mild vertigo
peripheral - 2-40 second lag time, lasts <1 min, provokes severe vertigo

20
Q

what is skew deviation and when would you see it

A

during dix hallpike for a central cause
eyes move upward and rotate counter clockwise

21
Q

what are the 4 D’s of central vertigo

A

diploplia
dysphagia
dysarthria
dysmetria

22
Q

auditory symptoms like hearing loss or tinnitus are more common in central or peripheral vertigo

A

peripheral

23
Q

predictable changes in head position causing vertigo that last for less than a minute with or without n/v but without auditory symptoms is suggestive of what disorder

A

BPPV

24
Q

acute, severe, constant vertigo that lasts several days with no change with head movements, can occur at rest, with or without hearing loss is suggestive of what disorder

A

vestibular neuronitis

25
Q

what is the triad of symptoms for menieres disease

A

recurrent episodic vertigo
sensorineural hearing loss
tinnitus

26
Q

a sense of ear fullness or aural fullness is associated with what vertigo related disease

A

meniere disease

27
Q

what is oscillopsia and what may cause it

A

visual disturbances where it looks like environment oscilates
from an impaired vestibular-ocular reflex from ear toxic medications

28
Q

what condition would cause auditory symptoms before causing vertigo

A

acoustic neuroma

29
Q

what finding during the dix hallpike maneuver would confirm BPPV

A

worsening vertigo or nystagmus on one side

30
Q

how are scwannomas diagnosed

A

brain MRI with contrast

31
Q

how is vestiublar neuritis diagnosed

A

primarily through history and physical exam, especially if recent recoverying from URTIh

32
Q

how it meniere diagnosed

A

primarily throughout history and physical

33
Q

what is the treatment of BPPV

A

Epley maneuver

34
Q

how often should the epley be done for BPPV

A

at least 3 times a day until no symptoms for 24 hours

35
Q

how is vestibular neuritis treated

A

corticosteroids

36
Q

how is lmeiere disease treated

A
  1. limit salt, caffein,e alcohol and nictorine
  2. diuretics like hydrochlorothiazide or acetazolamide
  3. surgery - labrinthectomy
37
Q

what are the contraindications for ear irrigation (5)

A

tympanoplasty
cant sit upright
FB in ear
otitis externa
TM perforation

38
Q

what is the treatment for otitis externa

A

NSAIDs or topical anesthetics
topical antibiotics (fluroquinolones like oflaxacin or ciprofloxacin
Or
Aminolgycosides like neumycin

NURS 518 (15 decks)

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