526 Cardiac

Question 1

what is the most common cause of non cardiac chest pain

Answer 1

MSK

Question 2

true or false: GERD pain may be relieved with nitro

Answer 2

true

Question 3

profound and severe sudden, constant pain from neck to epigastrum worsened by swallowing in indicative of what condition

Answer 3

esophageal perforation

Question 4

which medications are most likely to cause pill induced esophagitis

Answer 4

alendronate
doxycycline
NSAIDs
abx

Question 5

what is the typical patient to present with a spontaneous pneumothorax

Answer 5

young, tall, thin men who smoke

Question 6

what is the goal for a HgA1C in a non diabetic person

Answer 6

<7%

Question 7

chest discomfort with exercise, positive stress test but negative angiography would typify what disorder

Answer 7

microvascular angina

Question 8

why is CRP helpful in determining cardiovascular risk state

Answer 8

because inflammation is a trigger for plaque rupture

Question 9

why are smaller plaque ruptures more likely to cause a significant event than larger ones

Answer 9

because plaques <80% usually do not result in the formation of collateral

Question 10

what is the levine sign

Answer 10

a clenched fist over the chest

Question 11

for someone with chronic stable angina, how long for symptoms to persist before they should seek immediate medical attention

Answer 11

> 20 minutes

Question 12

what is a TIMI score

Answer 12

thrombolysis in myocardial infarction score

Question 13

what do you expect to see on an ECG with chronic stable angina during chest pain and when pain free

Answer 13

pain = ST depression with symmetric T wave inversion
pain free = normal

Question 14

what is the Dukes Treadmill Score

Answer 14

treadmill stress test, predicts 5 year mortality from stress test

Question 15

true of false: a (+) CTA is diagnostic for carotid artery stenting

Answer 15

false, (-) will reliably rule out but not specific so (+) requires further testing

Question 16

nuclear stress test or CTA should be used to reassess validity of stents

Answer 16

nuclear stress test

Question 17

what finding MUST be present on ECG to diagnose variant angina

Answer 17

transient ST elevation during episode that resolves with the use of nitro

Question 18

what medication may be used as a secondary prevention method for cardiac disease if ASA is contraindicated

Answer 18

clopidogrel or warfarin

Question 19

what medications should all patients be on who have had MI, ACS or LV dysfunction

Answer 19

beta blockers

Question 20

what should all patients be on with decreased LVEF, HTN, DM, or CKD

Answer 20

ACE inhibitors

Question 21

true or false: chronic CHF can be in a compensated or decompensated state

Answer 21

true

Question 21

what are the cardinal symptoms of CHF

Answer 21

dyspnea and fatigue with signs of overload

Question 22

what is virchows triad

Answer 22

risk of vascular thrombosis
1. impaired venous return
2. endothelial injury
3. hyper coagulable states

Question 23

what are the inherited vascular disorders

Answer 23

von wildebrand disease
hemophilia A and B

Question 24

what is the westermarck sign and the hampton hump and when is it seen

Answer 24

CXR findings with a PE
westermark = focal loss of vascular markings
hampton hump = wedge shaped density

Question 25

whatis S1Q3T3 and when is it seen

Answer 25

prominent S wave in lead 1
prominent Q wave in lead 3
flipped T in lead 3
seen with PE

Question 26

what is the definitive diagnostic for PE

Answer 26

CTPA or VQ scan

Question 27

von wildebrand disease would have a prolonged or decreased aPTT

Answer 27

prolonged