526 Cardiac Flashcards
what is the most common cause of non cardiac chest pain
MSK
true or false: GERD pain may be relieved with nitro
true
profound and severe sudden, constant pain from neck to epigastrum worsened by swallowing in indicative of what condition
esophageal perforation
which medications are most likely to cause pill induced esophagitis
alendronate
doxycycline
NSAIDs
abx
what is the typical patient to present with a spontaneous pneumothorax
young, tall, thin men who smoke
what is the goal for a HgA1C in a non diabetic person
<7%
chest discomfort with exercise, positive stress test but negative angiography would typify what disorder
microvascular angina
why is CRP helpful in determining cardiovascular risk state
because inflammation is a trigger for plaque rupture
why are smaller plaque ruptures more likely to cause a significant event than larger ones
because plaques <80% usually do not result in the formation of collateral
what is the levine sign
a clenched fist over the chest
for someone with chronic stable angina, how long for symptoms to persist before they should seek immediate medical attention
> 20 minutes
what is a TIMI score
thrombolysis in myocardial infarction score
what do you expect to see on an ECG with chronic stable angina during chest pain and when pain free
pain = ST depression with symmetric T wave inversion
pain free = normal
what is the Dukes Treadmill Score
treadmill stress test, predicts 5 year mortality from stress test
true of false: a (+) CTA is diagnostic for carotid artery stenting
false, (-) will reliably rule out but not specific so (+) requires further testing
nuclear stress test or CTA should be used to reassess validity of stents
nuclear stress test
what finding MUST be present on ECG to diagnose variant angina
transient ST elevation during episode that resolves with the use of nitro
what medication may be used as a secondary prevention method for cardiac disease if ASA is contraindicated
clopidogrel or warfarin
what medications should all patients be on who have had MI, ACS or LV dysfunction
beta blockers
what should all patients be on with decreased LVEF, HTN, DM, or CKD
ACE inhibitors
true or false: chronic CHF can be in a compensated or decompensated state
true
what are the cardinal symptoms of CHF
dyspnea and fatigue with signs of overload
what is virchows triad
risk of vascular thrombosis
1. impaired venous return
2. endothelial injury
3. hyper coagulable states
what are the inherited vascular disorders
von wildebrand disease
hemophilia A and B
what is the westermarck sign and the hampton hump and when is it seen
CXR findings with a PE
westermark = focal loss of vascular markings
hampton hump = wedge shaped density
whatis S1Q3T3 and when is it seen
prominent S wave in lead 1
prominent Q wave in lead 3
flipped T in lead 3
seen with PE
what is the definitive diagnostic for PE
CTPA or VQ scan
von wildebrand disease would have a prolonged or decreased aPTT
prolonged
