#5.2 u3aos2 - acute cardiovascular responses to exercise Flashcards
acute response
3 marks
short term
lasts only for the duration of the activity
and duration of the recovery
what are the three acute physiological responses to exercise
3 marks
respiratory
cardiovascular
muscular
cardiovascular
2 marks
cardio - heart
vascular - arteries (heart to muscle) and veins (muscle to heart)
what are the seven cardiovascular responses to exercise?
7 marks
- increased heart rate
- increased stroke volume
- increased cardiac output
- increased blood pressure
- increased redistribution of blood flow
- decreased blood plasma volume
- increased AVO2 difference
cardiac output (CO)
1 mark
amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle in one minute
heart rate (HR)
1 mark
beats per minute
submaximal heart rates
4 marks
the range of heart rates lying between rest and maximal level.
there are three classifications:
- low submaximal (<50%)
- moderate submaximal (50% - 75%)
- vigorous submaximal (75% - 99%)
maximum heart rate (MHR)
2 marks
the maximum amount of beats your heart can pump per minute
way to figure it out:
MHR = 220 - your age
stroke volume (SV)
1 mark
how much blood is pumped out of the left ventricle per beat
what affects an individuals SV
2 marks
the size of their left ventricle which depends on:
- genetics
- training
cardiac output formula + explanation
2 marks
heart rate X stroke volume
explanation in terms of cardiac output definition:
- heart rate makes up the “per minute”
- stroke volume makes up the “amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle”
steady state in terms of heart rate
4 marks
when an individual exercises at a constant pace, their HR will level off and remain constant
until they go faster or stop completely.
steady state indicates that the muscles are recieving enough oxygen and blood
to keep working at a constant pace
(oxygen supply = oxygen demand)
steady state
1 mark
when the body’s oxygen content supply matches it’s needs
supply = need
blood pressure (BP)
1 mark
the measure of the pressure of blood being pumped into the arteries
what are the two types of BP
2 marks
- systolic BP
- diastolic BP
systolic BP
1 mark
pressure when the LV ejects blood into the aorta during heart contraction
diastolic BP
1 mark
pressure in the arteries during relaxation of the heart
why does BP increase during exercise?
as SV, HR, and CO all increase during exercise, more blood is pumped into the arteries further causing BP to increase.
a-vO2 difference
3 marks
(arterial - venous oxygen difference)
the difference in the amount of oxygen in the arterial blood (amount of oxygen delivered to the tissue) vs
the venous blood (amount of oxygen leaving the tissue)
a-vO2 represents ow much oxygen is extracted at the tissue (muscles)
arteries
1 mark
transports blood from the heart to the working muscles
capillaries
2 marks
a fine branching of blood vessels in muscles
that connect arteries and veins
veins
1 mark
transports blood from the working muscles to the heart
redistribution of blood flow
2 marks
transportation of blood to the working muscles (via vasodilation)
and away from nonworking muscles (via vasocontriction)
vasoconstriction
1 mark
constricting the arteries to prevent blood flow to the non-working muscles
