5.2 Brain functioning 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the different lobes of the brain ?

A
  • frontal lobe
  • parietal lobe
  • temporal lobe
  • occipital lobe
  • limbic lobe
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2
Q

What can be said about the frontal lobe ?

A
  • Conscious thought
  • Damage can result in mood changes, social differences, etc…
  • the frontal lobes are the most uniquely human of all the brain structures
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3
Q

What can be said about the parietal lobe ?

A
  • Plays important roles in integrating sensory information from various senses and in the manipulation of objects
  • portions of the parietal lobe are involved with visuo-spatial processing
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4
Q

What can be said about the temporal lobe ?

A
  • senses of smell and sound

- as well as processing ox complex stimuli like faces and scenes

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5
Q

What can be said about the occipital lobe ?

A
  • sense of sight

- lesions can produce hallucinations

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6
Q

What can be said about the limbic lobe ?

A

emotion and memory

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7
Q

What are gyri and sulci ?

A
  • A gyrus is a ridge on the cerebral cortex

- It is generally surrounded by one or more sulci (depressions or furrows)

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8
Q

Where is the precentral gyrus ?

A
  • in the frontal lobe

- parallel to and anterior to the central sulcus and extends to the precentral sulcus

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9
Q

What is and where is located the primary motor complex ?

A
  • It is made of most of the precentral gyrus
  • It is involved in the initiation of willed voluntary movement
  • contains many of the cells of origin of the descending motor pathways
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10
Q

Where is the postcentral gyrus ?

A
  • In the parietal lobe

- Posterior to the central sulcus and lies parallel to it extending posteriorly to the postcentral sulcus

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11
Q

What is and where is located the primary somatosensory cortex ?

A
  • It corresponds to the postcentral gyrus

- It is involved in the initial processing at the cortical level of tactile and proprioceptive information

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12
Q

In the homonculus drawing, what’s the meaning of the size of the different body parts ?

A

The bigger the body part, the more brainpower is dedicated to controlling it.

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13
Q

Which side of the brain controls which side of the body ?

A

The right side of the brain controls the left side of the body and vice-versa.

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14
Q

What is the amygdala ?

A
  • almond-shaped groups of nuclei located deep within the temporal lobes
  • there are two of them, symmetrically arranged near the center of the brain
  • considered to be part of the limbic system
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15
Q

To which emotions and functions is the amygdala linked ?

A
  • to fear and anxiety - its size is positively correlated to the level of aggression in a given species
  • associated with pleasure (in a negative sense)
  • not purely associated with any one emotion
  • necessary to experience emotions but also to recognize their presence in others
  • plays primary roles in the formation and storage of memories associated with emotional events
  • not itself a long-term memory storage site, but regulates memory consolidation in other brain regions
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16
Q

Which part of the amygdala are involved in the genesis of many fear responses and what are those responses ?

A
  • The central nuclei

- Fear responses : freezing, tachycardia, increased respiration, stress-hormone release

17
Q

Which dysfunctions has poor amygdalic function been associated with ?

A
  • anxiety, autism, social bindness, depression, narcolepsy, PTSD, phobias, schizophrenia
  • in monkeys, lesions before 6 months of age result in difficulty adapting to social life