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Histology > 514-2 Connective Tissue > Flashcards

514-2 Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main fibers of the ExtraCellularMatrix?

A

Collagen (All from TROPOCOLLAGEN), Reticular, Elastic

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2
Q

How many types of collagen fibers are there?

A

27! We need to know 10 of them.

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3
Q

What are the two main components of RETICULAR fibers?

A

Type III collagen + glycoproteins

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4
Q

What color are elastic fibers? What is the main protein?

A

Yellow! Elastin.

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5
Q

Describe Type I Collagen. What type of specialized connective tissue does it make up?

A

MOST ABUNDANT in the human body! Organic part of bone, DENTIN, CEMENTUM..Found everywhere. ALSO MAKES UP Fibrocartilage.

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6
Q

Type II Collagen

A

Hyaline and Elastic Cartilage

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7
Q

Type III Collagen

A

RETICULAR fibers. Stain w DARK Silver

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8
Q

Type IV

A

BASAL LAMINA. No visible fibers formed.

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9
Q

Type V

A

PLACENTA

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10
Q

Type VI

A

Close with Type I, INTERSTITIAL tissue

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11
Q

Type VII

A

Anchoring fibrils of the basal lamina (loops)

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12
Q

Type VIII

A

Descements Membrane of Cornea (8BALL/EYEBALL)

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13
Q

Type IX

A

Associated with type II in HYLINE cartilage

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14
Q

Type X

A

Hypertrophic & Mineralizing Cartilage OSTEOGENEIS

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15
Q

Explain the formation of collagen fibers in main steps

A

1)Fibroblast makes pre pro collagen in roughER 2)Vitamin C dependent enzymes modify the alpha chains and make a TRIPLE HELIX of procollagen. 3)Transferred to Golgi 4)Extracellular enzymes trim the ends of the triple helix and the remaining tropocollagen self assembles in to the final COLLAGEN FIBRILS!

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16
Q

What are the three ground substances in the ExtraCellularMatrix?

A

1)GlycosAminoGlycans (GAGs) 2)Proteoglycans 3)Glycoproteins

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17
Q

Classification: What are the two types of Embryonic CT?

A

Mesenchymal & Mucous

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18
Q

Classification: What are the 4 types of CT Proper?

A

Loose (Areolar); Dense (Regular, Irregular); Reticular; Elastic

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19
Q

Classification: What are the two types of Specialized CT? (&subcategories)

A

Adipose (Unilocular & Multilocular); Hematopoietic

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20
Q

Classification: What are the two types of Supporting CT? (&subcategories)

A

Cartilage (Hyaline, Elastic, Fibro); Bone

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21
Q

What type of cells are ALL connective tissue cells derived from?!

A

Embryonic Mesenchymal Cells

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22
Q

What are the most abundant CT cells? What is their shape?

A

Fibroblasts. They are spindle shaped(thick middle and tapered ends)

23
Q

Which CT cells store triglycerides?

A

Adipocytes

24
Q

Which CT cells produce CARTILAGE?

A

Chondroblasts that then develop into Chondrocytes

25
Q

Which CT cells produce BONE?

A

Osteoblasts that then develop into Osteocytes. A 2 HOUR LECTURE ON THESE comin’ at ya

26
Q

Which CT cells differentiate blood cells?

A

Hematopoietic cells

27
Q

Which CT cells are phagocytotic WBC’s derived from MONOCYTES that migrate from blood.

A

Macrophages (HISTIOCYTES)

28
Q

Which CT cell contains granules of inflammatory chemicals like histamine, heparin, and WBC attractants?

A

MAST cells.

29
Q

What is ExtraCellularMatrix composed of? (3 items!)

A

Extracellular Tissue Fluid (MOSTLY WATER), Protein Fibers, Ground Substance

30
Q

What are the polymers of repeating disaccharides in ground substance of CT? What 3 monosaccarides are involved in their makeup?

A

Glycos-Amino-Glycans (GAGs) Monosacs: 1)Glucosamine, 2)Galactose, and 3)Galactosamine

31
Q

What are 5 important Glycos-Amino-Glycans? Are you ready for 5 names you’ve never heard of!?!

A

1)Chondroitin Sulfate 2)Keratin Sulfate 3)Dermatin Sulfate 4)Heparin Suflate 5)Hyaluronic Acid

32
Q

What about the Glycos-Amnio-Glycan’s CHARGE?

A

This ground substance is NEGATIVELY charged so it attacts Sodium (+). Where ever Sodium goes, WATER follows.

33
Q

What is the structure of the Ground Substance Proteoglycan? What is functional about their charge?

A

Glycos-Amino-Glycans linked to a protein core. Forms large BOTTLEBRUSH(pipe cleaner) shaped molecules. Lots of NEGATIVE charge to attract cations(SOUND FAMILIAR). Can make a strong bond between cells.

34
Q

What are the 6 important glycoproteins?

A

1)Laminin 2)Fibronectin 3)Chondronectin 4)Osteonectin 5)Entactin 6)Tenascin

35
Q

Which transmembrane protein binds to glycoproteins?

A

Integrins

36
Q

What are 4 characteristics of Embryonic CT–Mesenchymal? What type of cell is most abundant?

A

1)Sticky 2)Semi Fluid Ground Substance 3)Thin Reticular Fibers 4)Lots of blood vessels CELL: Fusiform Mesenchymal Cells

37
Q

What are characteristics of Embryonic CT-Mucous? What is the most famous example of Mucous Embry CT? Where is that found?

A

1)Loose, irregular fibers FAMOUS: Wharton’s Jelly found in the Umbilical cord

38
Q

What are the 3 cells of CT Proper–Loose(Areolar) CT?

A

Fibroblasts, macrophages, Mast Cells

39
Q

What 2 types of fibers are in CT Proper–Loose(Areolar) CT? Where can Loose(Areolar) CT be found?

A

Collagen & Elastic FOUND in the digestive tract

40
Q

How are collagen fibers arranged to compose CT Proper–Dense Regular CT? What types of cells are present? WHERE is it found? What is a potential weakness?

A

densely packed, parallel collagen fibers CELLS:Fibroblasts. WHERE: Tendons and Ligaments Potential Weakness: Force distributed in a Different direction form the formation of the fibers.

41
Q

Where is CT Proper–Dense Irregular CT found? How does it handle force?

A

The dermis & some in the PDL(mixed with regular). Resists force in different directions.

42
Q

What type of collagen composes CT Proper–Reticular? Where can you find these? What stains them best?

A

Type III, if you don’t know this by now…I don’t know what to do for you. :) Where: Vascular Organs: Liver, Spleen, Lymph… Silver/Metal Stains

43
Q

What is the main fiber in CT Proper–Elastic & what protein makes up this fiber? How much can an elastic fiber stretch?

A

The main fiber is Elastic Fiber and its made of the protein Elastin. It can stretch 150% its resting length.

44
Q

What are 3 main places elastic cartilage is found?

A

Aorta, Dermis(back of hand, ear)

45
Q

What syndrome makes for skin hyper elastic and to do the crazy hand thing?

A

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

46
Q

What unique shape does the Unilocular Adipocyte make in Spectialized CT–Adipose? Where is the nucleus of this cell? Where can I find it?

A

The ole “signet ring” shape. The nucleus is pressed against the membrane. Find it beneath the skin and surrounding organs for support.

47
Q

What color are the multiclocular adipocytes of the Specialized CT-Adipose? Where can I find some? What is a really unique feature?

A

Multilocular adipocytes are brown(c/o mitochondria). They are in human babies and hibernating animals. They are uniquely thermogenic. They give off heat when metabolizing the fat.

48
Q

What are the two categorizations of Specialized CT-Hematapoetic CT? Describe each category.

A

Formed elements(RBC’s, WBC’s, Platelets) & Non-formed Elements(Plasma)

49
Q

Is Supportinng CT–Cartilage CT vascularized? Explan.

A

AVASCULAR. Relies on diffusion from other from the perichondrium for nutrients and wastes. SO heals SLOWLY if at all!

50
Q

What are the two main structures of Supporting CT–Cartilage CT–Hyaline Cartiliage? Where can I find it?

A

1)Perichondrium-a fibrous capsule that covers a clear glassy matrix of Type II collagen fibers 2)Chondrocytes enclosed in lacunae FOUND:Ends of RIBS, ENDS of Bones(Endochondrial Ossification!!)

51
Q

Where can I find Supporting CT–Cartilage CT–Elastic Cartilage? What is its structure?

A

Found in the core of the ear and epiglottis. Structured a lot like hyaline cartilage but below the type II collagen is a web like MESH of elastic fibers.

52
Q

What type of collagen fibers compose Supporting CT–Cartilage CT–Fibrocartilage? What is unique about its structure? Where can I find it?

A

Type I collagen fibers. Structure: very parallel matrix. Where: Intervertebral Discs & TMJ.

53
Q

What are the two types of Supporting CT–Bone?

A

Compact and Spongy(Trabecular–Latin=Small Beam)

Histology (8 decks)

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