Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bacteriology 2 > 5.13 Obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens > Flashcards

5.13 Obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

Anaplasmataceae are parasites of what cells and hosts?

A
  • Parasites of haematopoietic cells of vertebrate hosts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Family: Anaplasmataceae; how long do bacteria stay in the host?

A
  • Major host often bacteremic for years
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Family: Anaplasmataceae; transmission

A
  • Transmitted by EITHER invertebrate host OR vector (tick)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Family: Anaplasmataceae is it zoonotic?

A
  • Often zoonotic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Family: Anaplasmataceae shape, gram stain

A

intracellular Gram-negative coccobacilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Family: Anaplasmataceae diagnostics

A
  • Diagnostics: direct stain Wright or Giemsa, PCR or serology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Family: Anaplasmataceae; what genuses are important for us?

A

-anaplasma
-ehrlichia
-neorickettsia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

important anaplasma species for us

A

A. phagocytophilum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

important ehrlichia species for us

A

E. canis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

important neorickettsia species for us

A

N. risticii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Anaplasma phagocytophilum symptoms and blood histology in dogs

A
  • Difficulty walking, lethargy, malaise, one week duration
  • Increased heart rate, 40.3oC
  • Lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia
  • About 5% of neutrophils had intracellular bodies
  • Dogs: Fever, depression, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, muscle pain
    – rarely shock (fatal)
    – necrotizing small vessel vasculitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

antibiotic that is effective against anaplasma phagocytophilum

A

tetracycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Anaplasma phagocytophilum; where does it live in the body?

A
  • Intracellular: neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

anaplasma phagocytophilum transmission

A

Transmission: ticks (Ixodes complex, deer) same as Lyme disease -> similar epidemiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Anaplasma phagocytophilum maintenance host

A
  • Maintained by small mammals
    – sometimes subclinical persistence in
    ruminants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what kind of infection is Anaplasma phagocytophilum in canada?

A

emerging, increasing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Anaplasma phagocytophilum; disease and symptoms caused in cattle

A

“tick-borne fever”, fever, drop milk production, abortions (animals recover in 2 weeks)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Anaplasma phagocytophilum; does it infect cats?

A
  • Cats: rarely, but they can also present clinical signs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

where to check your dog for ticks

A

-in/around ears
-around eyelids
-under collar
-under front legs
-between back legs
-between the toes
-around the tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Anaplasma phagocytophilum diagnosis? co-infection agent?

A

direct stain from blood or PCR
– Co-infection with Borrelia burgdorferi is common

  • SNAP test (antibody detection) 4Dx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Anaplasma phagocytophilum treatment and prognosis

A
  • Treatment: tetracyclines (doxycycline) – Good clinical prognosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what should we do if a dog tests positive on a 4Dx test for anaplasma phagocytophilum?

A

Positive result:
* Indicates tick exposure and the transmission of infectious agents
* Additional testing is recommended to determine if there is an active infection
* PCR
“A positive test result in a clinically healthy dog should not be disregarded=> tick control”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
  • Anaplasma phagocytophilum control
A

Control: Tick control (very similar to Lyme disease approach)

24
Q

Genus: Ehrlichia; where do infections come from? where do the bacteria live in the body? zoonotic?

A
  • Tick-borne infection
  • Intracellular: haematopoietic or endothelial cells
  • Some species of this genus are zoonotic
25
Q

Genus: Ehrlichia sources of infection

A

– Persistently bacteremic rodents, canids, or ruminants

26
Q

most common ehrlichiosis in Ontario (imported)

A

E. canis

27
Q

blood smear sign of E. canis

A

On the feathered edge, monocytes rarely contain cytoplasmic morula (arrow) consistent with E. canis.

28
Q

E. canis; what disease does it cause and where? who transmits it? what are the associated disease symptoms?

A
  • Tropical pancytopenia of dogs in US, SE Asia (Vietnam)
  • Who transmit it? Brown-dog-tick
  • Acute multi-systemic disease followed by chronic form,
    tendency to hemorrhages
  • Subclinical infection is common
29
Q

E. canis; treatment, control

A
  • Treatment: doxycycline
  • Tick control
30
Q

E. canis diagnosis

A
  • SNAP test (4Dx) and PCR
  • Challenging=> early stage
31
Q

Neorickettsia risticii causes what disease? where geographically?

A
  • Potomac Horse Fever (Potomac valley 1979)
  • Ontario, Essex County, eastern Ontario, Europe
32
Q

Potomac Horse Fever is caused by

A

Neorickettsia risticii

33
Q

Neorickettsia risticii where does it live in the body?

A
  • Intracellular: glandular epithelium colon, macrophages in intestinal lamina propria, submucosa; monocytes in blood films
34
Q

Neorickettsia risticii symptoms of infection

A

– Results: fever, anorexia, profound leukopenia, severe diarrhea, laminitis (~40% cases)

35
Q

transmission of Neorickettsia risticii

A
  • Infectious cycle: transmission by trematode (fluke)
36
Q

potomac horse fever life cycle

A
  1. Neorickettsia risticii is the agent of the disease
  2. N. risticii infected trematodes (flukes)
  3. flukes carrying pathogen multiply in snails
    >horse might ingest snail (optimal route of infection?)
  4. N. risticii move to aquatic insects such as mayflies, cadflies
  5. horses ingest adult insects or infected fluke larvae

> > potomac horse fever may develop in horses causing signs such as anorexia, fever, diarrhea, signs of colic, and laminitis

37
Q

Neorickettsia risticii diagnostics

A

PCR

38
Q

Neorickettsia risticii treatment

A
  • Treatment: early diagnosis and tetracycline
39
Q

Neorickettsia risticii control

A

– switch lights off in horse barns, so no insect swarms – Cover food, so no insects

  • Vaccination: antigenic variation limits value of available vaccines
40
Q

are vaccines for N. risticii good?

A
  • Vaccination: antigenic variation limits value of available vaccines
41
Q

true or false: PHF is caused by bites from various insects

A

false

PHF is not caused by an insect biting a horse but rather when the horse ingests infected aquatic insects

42
Q

true or false: one of the most devastating effects of PHF is the possible development of laminitis

A

TRUE

unfortunately, approximately 40% of horses diagnosed with PHF have subsequently developed laminitis

43
Q

true or false: horse owners can take measures to reduce the populations of insects that can be infected with the disease

A

TRUE

good farm management practices include keeping your horse’s food covered, restricting grazing near creeks or other bodies of water during peak season for PHF (spring, summer, and early fall)

44
Q

Family: Chlamydiaceae; where do they live in the body, gram stain, where they are found in the environment, transmission

A
  • Taxonomy under reorganization
  • Intracellular: epithelial cells
    – Gram negative
  • Can persist in dried feces for months
  • Mostly direct animal-to-animal
45
Q

disease caused by chlamydiaceae

A
  • Disease variable: acute to chronic to subclinical, probably under-estimated
46
Q

life cycle of chlamydia

A

-elementary body (dormant, extracellular)
>transformation of the EB to reticulate body (active, intracellular)
>replication of RB
>transformation of RBs to EBs
>lysis

47
Q

why is chlamydia hard for the immune system to kill?

A

intracellular
-extracellular form is not active/dormant

48
Q

Chlamydia psittaci infects what species? how? other species?

A
  • Obligate intracellular pathogen of birds
  • Psittacosis (zoonosis)
49
Q

how does chlamydia psittaci cause damage to host cells? in what tissues? results?

A
  • Competes with host for nutrients, kills host cell
  • Bronchiolitis, bronchopneumonia, fibrinous polyserositis, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, death
50
Q

how does chlamydia psittaci transmit between animals

A

-persistent carrier => shedder

51
Q

Chlamydia psittaci diagnosis

A
  • Diagnosis: direct Giemsa, FA tissues, PCR, isolation, serology
52
Q

chlamydia gram stain?

A

negative, but difficult to actually stain because of the nature of their membrane
>their outer membrane contains no detectable peptidoglycan

53
Q

control of Chlamydia psittaci

A

tetracyclines; isolation and quarantine procedures for imported birds

54
Q

vaccine for Chlamydia psittaci

A

Not available

55
Q

Chlamydia psittaci zoonotic?

A
  • Important zoonosis (exposure to pets)
56
Q

what species does Chlamydia abortus infect? symptoms and zoonosis?

A

Ruminants

-Enzootic abortion of sheep and goats
-Abortion humans and cattle (zoonosis)
-Conjunctivitis, pneumonia
-Arthritis young animals

Bacteriology 2 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions