5.100 Search and Seizure Flashcards
The Fourth Amendment protects an expectation of privacy that must be both:
Reasonable, AND Lgitimate
A non-criminal encounter with a citizen or vehicle that is intended for law
enforcement to investigate a serious medical concern or other life safety
issues (i.e., Legal 2000).
A Community Caretaking Search
Consent is an agreement, approval or permission to act. A person giving consent must do so ____________ and ____________.
Freely, Voluntarily
What are the four requirements that must be met for consent to be considered valid?
A person giving consent must:
- Be informed (tell the subject what is being searched for)
- Not be coerced
- Have actual authority or apparent authority
- Have the ability to revoke consent at any time during the search (person must be within a reasonable distance in order to revoke consent)
What are the four considerations in determining whether an area is curtilage and subject to the protections of the Fourth Amendment?
- Proximity of the area to the home.
- Whether the area is included in an enclosure which surrounds the home.
- Nature of uses to which an area is put
- Steps taken to protect the area from observation from passerbys.
A sub-category of “exigent circumstances” allowing entry into a structure when there is probable cause to believe a dangerous person has committed a serious felony. The suspect is fleeing from law enforcement and the officer has direct knowledge of the suspect’s location. This is defined as:
Hot Pursuit
What are the three conditions that must be met for Plain View to be valid?
- The officer must be in a position in which he has a legal right to be,
- The items must be immediately recognizable as contraband or evidence, AND
- The seizure must be made without substantial additional intrusion.
A police interference with an individual’s freedom of movement by means of physical force or show of authority or meaningful interference with an individual’s possessory interests in property, is defined as:
A “Seizure”
According to Policy, there are 6 exceptions related to CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS where the Fourth Amendment does not apply. Those are:
- Open view
- Person has no standing to assert a legal right (property right or constitutional right)
- Trash searches outside of curtilage
- Detention facilities
- Abandoned property
- Searches by a private citizen not acting as an agent of the government
Per policy, the Community Care Taking Doctrine is limited to what two police functions?
- Welfare checks on individuals who are outside the residence
- Certain traffic stops (I.e. vehicle stop is being conducted because there is a medial need).
Investigative detentions, also known as a reasonable suspicion stops or Terry stops allow an officer to stop a person to ascertain his or her:
- Identity
2. Purpose
If during a traffic stop a driver becomes non-compliant when asked to provide identification and/or other requested documentation with no other actions, what actions will be taken?
The driver will be considered to be displaying obstructive behavior and a supervisor will be notified and respond to determine how to proceed.
Field strip searches of prisoners shall be conducted only in the rarest of circumstances where the life of officers or others may be placed at risk. The search must approved by who and conducted in the presence of who?
Approved by a lieutenant and conducted in the presence of a supervisor.
What are the three methods for obtaining a search warrant?
- Written
- Telephonic
- Electronic
A search warrant application and affidavit must include these three items:
- An officer’s probable cause statement supported by oath or affirmation;
- Particularly describing the place to be searched; and
- Particularly describing the items or things to be seized.
A “Written” search warrant includes the following five documents
- Search Warrant Application and Affidavit
- The Search Warrant (Signed by a Judge)
- Search Warrant Return of Service
- Sealing Order (when applicable)
- A Turn Over Order (when applicable)
After a search warrant has been drafted and reviewed by a secondary officer, the supervisor will follow these 6 steps to approve it before it is reviewed by the District Attorney’s office,
- Ensure the investigating officer has de-conflicted the investigation by notifying RISSafe.
- Ensure the officer has established a probable cause nexus between the place to be searched and the items sought to be seized.
- Ensure the officer corroborated information received from informants, identifying their reliability, source of knowledge and motivation.
- Verify all information contained in the application to include the Incident Action Plan, if applicable.
- Verify that all other “officer responsibilities” have been completed.
- After review, authorize the affidavit to contact the District Attorney’s office for review and approval.
Are Family Court judges authorized to sign search warrants?
NO
A telephonic search warrant consist of the following parts:
- Search warrant application and affidavit
- Duplicate original search warrant
- Recording of telephonic conversation with the judge
- Recording transcription
- Search warrant return
- Sealing order (if applicable)
- Turn over order (if applicable)
If a judge denies a search warrant, what are the responsibilities of the officer/detective?
- Will NOT attempt to find another judge (i.e. judge shopping)
- Will immediately notify the supervisor and the representative of the District Attorney’s office who approved the warrant. The supervisor and the representative may review the option of finding another judge.
An electronic search warrant consists of the following five parts:
- Search warrant application and affidavit
- Electronic search warrant
- Search warrant return of service
- Sealing order (if applicable)
- Turn over order (if applicable)
What are the two classifications of search warrants?
- Non-SWAT
2. SWAT
After obtaining a search warrant, what type of items or places can be searched without the assistance of SWAT (i.e. Non-SWAT Search Warrants), where no IAP is required?
- Premise Freezes (not a preplanned investigative technique)
- Impounded vehicle (tow yard or facility)
- Vehicle in police custody pending issuance of a search warrant (roadside)
- Electronic data storage (computers, cell phone, skimmers, internet based storage, etc.)
- Impounded locked boxes, file cabinets and safes
- Safe deposit boxes
- Documents and/or parcels held by professional third-parties
- Buccal swabs
- Blood draw
- Body cavity search
- Unoccupied storage facility
- Any non-residential structure reasonably believed to be unoccupied (i.e shed)
How many days do officers have to serve a search warrant after it is signed by a judge?
10 Days
Which two ranking supervisors must approve a No-knock search warrant prior to seeking a judge’s approval?
SWAT Bureau commander and
Deputy Chief of the Homeland Security and Special Operations Division (or designees of equal rank)
When an administrative agency (i.e. Animal Control, Constable, CPS, etc.) requests assistance with serving an administrative search warrant, the Patrol Sergeant will:
- Respond to the scene of all requests for assistance in serving an administrative warrant.
- Review the contents of the warrant, ensuring a judge’s signature is affixed.
- Ensure the appropriate number of officers are present.
- Ensure a marked a patrol unit is placed in view of the structure.
- Prior to entering the structure, officers should announce and give the occupants time to exit.
- Prior to entering the structure, ensure dispatch is aware officers are entering.
- After clearing the structure, ensure control is turned over to the administrative agency.
- Ensure an officer receives a copy of the warrant to turn in to be scanned into Onbase.
For search warrants served by SWAT, who must approve nighttime service (7 pm to 7 am)?
The SWAT Tactical Commander
After a search warrant has been served, a copy of which documents will be left at the property.
- The application and affidavit of the search warrant
- The search warrant signed by the judge
- The search warrant return
If a sealing order was approved, a copy of that order will replace the application and affidavit.
Which section conducts forensic examinations of all digital storage devices (i.e. computers, cell phones, digital video recorders, etc.)?
The Digital Forensics Lab
Which sections are authorized to purchase, maintain and/or deploy GPS technology?
- Technical and Surveillance Squad (TASS) 2. Vehicle Investigation for Enforcement and Recovery (VIPER)
- Major Violators/Narcotics Crime Bureau (MVNCB)
- Criminal Intelligence Section (CIS)
In regards to Search and Seizure the department policy is to strictly adhere to which amendment?
It is the policy of this department to strictly adhere to the Constitution of the United States. The Fourth Amendment states:
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated and no Warrants shall issue but upon probable cause supported by Oath or affirmation and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized.
The Fourth Amendment protects an expectation of privacy must be both: (1) reasonable and (2) legitimate.
The rules in this policy apply to all interactions between police and persons within the United States, regardless of citizenship status.
Prior to an officer making entry into a structure for a welfare check under the Emergency Aid Exception, the officer will:
Notify an area sergeant before utilizing the services of a locksmith or their personal lock picking device.
True or False?
True
Objective words or actions that clearly show a person has disclaimed
ownership, dominion, and control over real or personal property.
abandonment
These are “policy justified” searches that do not require reasonable
suspicion or probable cause; however, the intrusion in such cases must
be brief and slight, and the determination of who to stop must be made
according to some articulable, non-arbitrary standard and comply with
NRS 484B.570.
administrative checkpoint
A warrant issued by a judge on the application of an administrative
agency. Administrative agencies with enforcement powers seek
administrative warrants to search for contraband or other evidence of non-
compliance with the law.
administrative search
warrant
A protocol requiring officers to announce their authority and purpose
before entering a premises, allowing a reasonable amount of time for occupants to comply. Officers may do this using a ruse, bullhorn, public
address (PA) system, etc.
announce and wait
The taking of a person into custody in a manner allowed by law. An arrest
may be made by a peace officer or by a private person (see NRS
171.104). It is a show of authority by an officer, in words or actions or both,
which would cause a reasonable person to think they were being deprived
of their liberty more than temporarily (i.e., more than an investigative
detention), and involves either:
1. Submission by the subject to the officer’s show of authority, or
2. An actual physical touching that places the subject under the control
of the officer.
arrest