3.210 Vehicular Pursuit

Question 1

An officer continuing to follow the suspect vehicle, regardless of the activation of emergency equipment (red lights and siren) will be considered what?

Answer 1

“In pursuit”

Question 2

Can “Bubbling” officers engage or re-engage the suspect vehicle in a vehicle pursuit without supervisor approval?

Answer 2

No. They must have supervisor approval

Question 3

Additional police units, approved by a supervisor, traveling on adjacent streets using emergency equipment to keep pace with a pursuit.

Answer 3

Parallelling

Code 3 paralleling or caravanning of units or other attempts to join the pursuit without authorization from a supervisor is prohibited.

Question 4

The complete cessation of a pursuit by the decision of officers or supervisors, to include discontinuance of visual contact of the pursued vehicle via turning at the first reasonable turn off the primary street - and the return to routine operations.

Answer 4

Discontinuance of pursuit

Question 5

The finality of a vehicular pursuit due to either suspect apprehension, the crashing of the suspect vehicle or suspect lost/evaded pursuing unit(s), and the return to routine operations.

Answer 5

Termination of pursuit

Question 6

What equipment must vehicles have to be part in a pursuit?

Answer 6

Siren and authorized emergency lights (visible from front, back and both sides)

Question 7

A pursuit will consist of who?

Answer 7

The primary unit and, when possible, a secondary and third unit.

Question 8

In a pursuit, who is considered primary?

Answer 8

Any unit that, at any point during the pursuit, the unit is directly behind the suspect.

Question 9

The primary unit may request authorization from who for additional units to join the pursuit if necessary?

Answer 9

The field supervisor

Question 10

Who must complete a pursuit report in blue team?

Answer 10

Any officer who assumes primary position, regardless of duration.

Question 11

If an officer is involved in a motor vehicle collision during emergency response or a pursuit, the officer will immediately discontinue involvement and take proper action unless:

Answer 11

1. No unit is available to assume the pursuit or respond to the unit involved
2. Damage to the unit is minor, and it can still be operated without danger
3. There are no apparent injuries as a result of the accident

Question 12

There will be no code 3 caravanning or paralleling of units or other attempts to join the pursuit without authorization from who?

Answer 12

A supervisor

Question 13

When can a pursuit be initiated?

Answer 13

1. Violent felony
2. If the suspect presents a clear and immediate danger to the public

Note: Clear an immediate danger to the public will not be based on the subject’s reaction to the officer’s initial attempt to stop them.

Question 14

If an officer articulates that a subject presents a clear and immediate danger to the public, who must verbally approve the pursuit and can direct officers to continue in the pursuit?

Answer 14

monitoring supervisor must verbally approve the vehicular pursuit over the radio

Question 15

Officers who initiate vehicle pursuits, and field supervisors who allow pursuits to continue, must consider the following initiation and evaluation factors:

Answer 15

1. Whether the need for immediate apprehension of the suspect(s) outweighs the danger created by the pursuit itself.
   a. If the vehicle pursuit is for a violent felony, pursuing units and monitoring supervisor(s) should evaluate the severity of the crime and when it occurred. For example:
   1) Is there a confirmed victim and evidence or corroborating witness(es) to support that a violent felony crime occurred? Does the crime involve substantial bodily injury or death?

    2) Is the crime part of a violent felony crime series?

2. Whether the suspect is known to officers and could be apprehended later.
3. Speeds of the vehicle pursuit (pursuing units and fleeing vehicle).
4. Vehicular and pedestrian traffic (including road conditions).
5. Environmental factors surrounding the pursuit: residential, commercial, or rural.
6. Weather conditions (e.g., rain, fog, or snow).
7. Time of day: Does visibility create an unreasonable risk of injury to the public or pursuing officers?
8. Alternatives to allowing the pursuit to continue, including the availability of the Air Unit, use of the bubble tactic, surveillance with unmarked LVMPD vehicles, use of the precision intervention technique (PIT), deployment of stop sticks, or arrest at a later time via investigative means.

Question 16

On a vehicle pursuit, the field supervisor will:

Answer 16

1. Immediately acknowledge the notification made by the pursuing officers or Communications and authorize the continuation of the vehicle pursuit over the radio by stating, “I am supervising this pursuit.”
2. Continuously evaluate the need to authorize additional units to the pursuit.
3. Determine whether a transition to the bubble tactic is more appropriate based on availability of the Air Unit and unmarked vehicles.
4. Evaluate whether to discontinue the pursuit if the Air Unit has arrived and assumed primary responsibility for broadcasting the progress of the pursuit.
5. During the pursuit, consider use of PIT and/or stop sticks.
6. Discontinue the pursuit over the radio when apprehension of the fleeing suspect(s) is outweighed by the danger caused by the pursuit.
   a. Confirm that speeds of pursuing units and fleeing vehicle are reasonably being broadcast over the radio throughout the duration of the pursuit.
7. Discourage overconvergence at termination point to avoid officers unduly jeopardizing the safety of themselves and others (see LVMPD 3.110, Use of Force, “De-escalation”).
8. Respond to the termination point and manage the overall scene (i.e., high-risk vehicle stop procedures, a low-lethal option, and a custody plan).
9. If the occupant(s) of the suspect vehicle flees on foot:
   a. When available, coordinate with the Air Unit to communicate with bubbling units on apprehension/containment procedures (see LVMPD 3.220, Foot Pursuits). If Air Unit is unavailable, communicate with bubbling units on apprehension/containment procedures.
   b. Manage police activities for the suspect vehicle (e.g., high-risk vehicle stop procedures and containment).
10. Ensure all required post-pursuit procedures are completed.

Question 17

Pursuits will be discontinued when leaving Clark County unless the decision to continue is approved by

Answer 17

The LVMPD on-duty watch commander or area lieutenant

Question 18

When a pursuit leaves Clark County, officers and supervisors will re-evaluate the pursuit to include consideration of the following:

Answer 18

a. How long the pursuit has lasted
b. Whether assistance is needed from another agency
c. Whether communication can be contained
d. All the factors set forth in policy to whether a pursuit can be conducted in a reasonably safe manner, in accordance with law and policy

Question 19

Officers are prohibited from joining pursuits initiated by another jurisdiction or law enforcement agency unless assigned to the pursuit by an LVMPD ___________.

Answer 19

Supervisor

Question 20

What information must a supervisor verify/obtain prior to authorizing units join in another agency’s pursuit?

Answer 20

The agency must request assistance and sufficient information including the crime so the supervisor can determine if it meets our policy.

Question 21

Are stop sticks authorized as a pre-pursuit deployment tactic?

Answer 21

Yes, under extenuating circumstances and with the following tactical considerations:

A. Officers will not intentionally close the distance on an occupied stationary vehicle to deploy a tire deflation device when it is determined to be a barricaded subject

b. Approval from a field supervisor prior to deployment – the supervisor will be present during the pre-deployment when feasible.

c. A tactical plan (e.g., ballistic shield, immediate action team, or lethal/low lethal coverage) must be in place should the vehicle not be immobilized.

d. The location of the deployment does not overexpose the deployment team to the subject or subject vehicle.

e. The approach will not place the deployment team in the path of an oncoming vehicle.

f. Deployment will not be made by a single officer.

g. The officer deploying the tire deflation device on a stationary vehicle has been trained and is authorized to use the stop sticks/Piranha.

Question 22

Officers will not deploy stop sticks:

Answer 22

a. When transporting arrestees or other non-police personnel.
b. When fleeing suspects have demonstrated a clear intent to injure officers using the fleeing vehicle or other deadly weapon.
c. As a weapon.
d. On bridges, curves on the roadway, around roadway construction, or any location where the deploying officer feels it would be too dangerous.
e. To slow or stop any of the following vehicles, unless the use of deadly force would be justified:
1) Motorcycle, moped, or any other two- or three-wheeled vehicle.
2) All-terrain vehicle (ATV).
3) Any truck transporting explosives or other hazardous materials.

Question 23

What vehicles can stop sticks not be used on unless the use of deadly force would be justified?

Answer 23

1. Motorcycle, moped, or any other 2 or 3 wheeled vehicle
2. ATV’s
3. Any truck transporting explosives or hazardous materials

Question 24

If a vehicle belonging to an uninvolved citizen is damaged by a tire deflation device, the watch commander will respond to:

Answer 24

1. Offer the citizen alternative transportation if available and necessary
2. Offer to tow the damaged vehicle at the department’s expense using the duty tow, to a contracted LVMPD repair facility
   - If the citizen insists, to a facility of the citizen’s choice
3. Inform the risk manager, via communications, of the damage and location the vehicle was towed.
4. Instruct the citizen to contact the risk manager the next business day to arrange reimbursement

Question 25

Can PIT be used as to apprehend violators speeds of 40mph or below after the tires have been deflated from stop sticks?

Answer 25

Yes.

Question 26

Post pursuit, who will the supervisor notify when the pursuit involves multi-jurisdiction, multiple bureaus/area commands, and/or the the pursuit involves more than 5 officers?

Answer 26

CIRT . They will assess the totality of the circumstances to determine whether a response is necessary.

They will also be notified when there is significant damage.

Question 27

Supervisors will relinquish all positions in a pursuit to a standard marked patrol units joining the pursuit to maintain __________ , __________, and __________.

Answer 27

command, control, and objectivity

Question 28

LVMPD engages in vehicular pursuits to arrest offenders when necessary to protect people, rights, and property in our community. Vehicle pursuits are hazardous and may result in death or injury to bystander, officers, or suspects. A pursuit will not be engaged for _____________, ________________, or ______________.

Answer 28

A property crime, minor traffic infraction, or an occupied stolen vehicle.

Question 29

All decisions by officers and supervisors to conduct vehicle pursuits will be made with the primary goal of assuring what?

Answer 29

The safety of innocent citizens, officers, and whenever possible, those attempting to flee.

Question 30

All officers involved in a pursuit (primary, secondary, and third unit), to include officers who are “bubbling” or “paralleling,” will activate body worn cameras when?

Answer 30

Throughout the duration of their involvement in the pursuit and adhere to 7.136 BWC.

Question 31

Regarding vehicle pursuit notifications, officers must notify dispatch of the the following circumstances?

Answer 31

1. When a pursuit is initiated and terminated
2. When a pursuit is initiated and discontinued
3. When a situation is observed that could result in a pursuit, but the pursuit did not meet the criteria for pursuing (a CAD event must be created or updated in this situation).

Question 32

Officers must notify communications via radio if they are _________________ at any point in the pursuit.

Answer 32

The primary unit

Question 33

Primary unit will, When a pursuit is underway, notify Communications immediately of the following

Answer 33

a. Circumstances of the original offense.
b. Location, speed and direction of travel of the fleeing vehicle.
1) Updates will be broadcast over the radio as the location or direction of travel changes.
2) Reasonable updates of the fleeing vehicle’s speed will be broadcast over the radio throughout the duration of the pursuit.
c. Speed of pursuing unit(s).
1) Reasonable updates of the pursuing unit’s speed will be broadcast over the radio throughout the duration of the pursuit.
d. Description and license plate number of the vehicle, if known.
e. Number of occupants in the vehicle and descriptions, where possible.
3. Broadcast the progress of the pursuit until relieved by a secondary unit or Air Unit.
4. Broadcast the intent to use the precision intervention technique (PIT) if circumstances permit; otherwise, notification will be made after the fact.
5. Update the termination point over the radio.
6. At the termination point, coordinate high-risk vehicle stop procedures, a low-lethal option, and a custody plan with the secondary and third units.
7. If the occupant(s) of the suspect vehicle flees on foot:
a. Coordinate with the monitoring supervisor to communicate with bubbling units on apprehension/containment procedures (see LVMPD 3.220, Foot Pursuits).
b. Coordinate police activities (high-risk vehicle stop procedures and containment) for the suspect vehicle.
8. Ensure all required post-pursuit procedures are completed.

Question 34

If the air unit takes over a pursuit, unless directed by a supervisor, what will the pursuing officers do?

Answer 34

Cease emergency operations (lights and siren), reduce speed, and discontinue visual contact with the suspect vehicle.

Question 35

At the conclusion of any vehicular pursuit, what type of stop procedures will be used by all officers present, when practical?

Answer 35

High-risk

Question 36

The pursuing officer or a supervisor may request assistance from another agency when a pursuit is leaving LVMPD jurisdiction. If such a request is made, officers or the supervisors will not request ________________________; however, other appropriate forms of assistance may be requested.

Answer 36

An officer from another agency to actively join in the pursuit

Question 37

If insufficient information is received and/or if the outside agency-initiated pursuit is not in compliance with LVMPD’s pursuit policy, will the pursuit be joined by LVMPD officers?

Answer 37

No.

However, a supervisor may authorize officer(s) to drive in routine operation toward the area of the pursuit to be in a relatively good position to render backup and other aid once the pursuit is stopped.

Question 38

Authorized officers operating as secondary units in pursuits involving a lone primary unit from another agency will be subject to all department procedures governing primary pursuit units, including as a priority, the responsibility to discontinue the LVMPD role in the pursuit immediately whenever:

Answer 38

1. An additional unit from the originating agency joins the pursuit and can take over the secondary unit responsibilities
2. The pursuit is not conducted to the standards of the LVMPD as outlined in the LVMPD pursuit policy
3. Information is made available which indicates the dangers of the pursuit outweigh the need to apprehend the suspect
4. An LVMPD supervisor orders the LVMPD role in the pursuit discontinued

Question 39

When a LVMPD officer is involved in a pursuit from another jurisdiction, what are the field supervisors responsibilities?

Answer 39

The LVMPD field supervisors will monitor and confrom the department’s role in such pursuits exactly as they would any other pursuit.

Question 40

Piranha® is authorized for use only by SWAT or Major Violator units that have been authorized by their ______________ and have completed the necessary Piranha training. Piranha is not authorized for use by any other section or unit.

Answer 40

Bureau commander

Question 41

Officer(s) deploying tire deflation devices (Stop sticks) must:

Answer 41

a. Deploy the stop sticks from a position of safety.
1) Find substantial barriers to use as cover at the location (i.e., a large tree, guard rail, or other object or structure capable of stopping an approaching vehicle). Patrol vehicles are not adequate cover. Such barriers will be used to conceal the deploying officer from the target’s view and allow deployment of the device from a position of safety.
2) To reduce the risk of serious or fatal injuries resulting from a vehicle collision, extreme caution will be used when:
a) Pursuits reach excessive speeds.
b) Fleeing suspects appear to be under the influence of drugs/alcohol.

b. When feasible, deploy stop sticks using a two-officer team, consisting of a single officer deploying the stop stick and a second officer acting as an observer.
1) Working as a team, the deploying officer and observer will discuss the deployment location and confirm that it provides substantial cover.

c. Evaluate the following tactical considerations:
1) Plan ahead for the use of stop sticks.
a) Determine the best locations for deployment and know where protection exists.
2) Avoid deploying stop sticks on wet surfaces, gravel, or loose pavement.
a) Such surfaces may increase the risk a subject will lose control of the target vehicle when tires deflate.
3) Consider deploying stop sticks so that a subject has limited ability to avoid striking the device.
4) Consider deploying stop sticks away from an intersection to limit a subject’s ability to avoid the device.
5) Only deploy stop sticks after identifying a safe location to observe the pursuit.
6) Always move to a safe location after deploying stop sticks.
a) The cord reel has 80 feet (24 meters) of cord, which allows an officer to move as far as possible from fleeing or pursuing vehicles.

d. Advise pursuing units when and where stop sticks are being deployed.

e. Inform the monitoring supervisor of the deployment of stop sticks and their effectiveness during the pursuit.

Question 42

What type of vehicles are authorized to use PIT

Answer 42

Only a marked (black and white) Ford Crown Victoria, Ford Explorer SUV, or Chevrolet Tahoe SUV are authorized for the use of PIT.

Question 43

PIT (successful uses, attempts, and/or declared uses) and vehicle ramming are considered reportable force and and must be reported with what reports?

Answer 43

Use of force report and pursuit report in blue team

Question 44

In incidents where PIT (deadly) is used, the use of force will be handled by __________ at the discretion of the _____________ lieutenant, based on the totality of the circumstances.

Answer 44

CIRT

Question 45

Post pursuit, a supervisor will:

Answer 45

1. Respond to the termination point and assume responsibility for the scene.
2. Ensure all appropriate notifications are made at the scene.
   a. Ensure CIRT/FIT have been notified when the use of force with vehicle results in death or critical bodily injury (PIT under or over 40 mph and ramming).
   b. Notify CIRT when the pursuit involves multi-jurisdiction, multiple bureaus/area commands, and/or the pursuit involves more than five officers. CIRT will assess the totality of the circumstances to determine whether a response is necessary.
   c. Notify CIRT when there is significant damage.
   d. Notify CIRT/FIT if PIT is used on a high center of gravity vehicle. CIRT/FIT will assess the totality of the circumstances to determine whether a response is necessary.
3. Conduct a thorough investigation to determine if the pursuit was within policy and justified. If a supervisor becomes involved in a pursuit other than supervising the pursuit, the pursuing supervisor will not conduct the investigation of the pursuit. Investigative duties will be relinquished to the next level of supervision in the officer’s chain of command.
4. Ensure all applicable reports are completed.
5. Check the area surrounding the termination point for any video surveillance, and obtain a copy (MP4 format, if possible).
6. Review all involved officers’ BWCs to ensure pursuit procedures were followed and that all involved officers are documented in the report.
7. Ensure any officer who assumed a primary position in the pursuit completes a Pursuit Report in Blue Team.
8. Document in Blue Team if the pursuit has been determined to be justified and in adherence to procedure, to include all facts and evidence obtained throughout the investigation.
9. Document in Blue Team if the pursuit was determined to be unjustified, and include all facts and evidence obtained throughout the investigation.
10. Document in Blue Team if the Air Unit was available.
    a. If available, articulate:
    1) When the Air Unit arrived (i.e., before, during or after the vehicle pursuit).
    2) How the Air Unit assisted (i.e., radio broadcast of vehicle pursuit, containment at termination point, etc.).
    b. If unavailable, articulate why (i.e., weather conditions, maintenance, assisting on another incident, or vehicle pursuit occurred during a non-operational period).
11. Document in Blue Team if tire deflation devices were deployed and ensure that the circumstances justifying each deployment is articulated. Include the following:
    a. Number of times tire deflation devices were deployed and how (i.e., during vehicle pursuit or on a stationary vehicle [before or after the vehicle pursuit]).
    b. Location of each deployment c. Name, P# and call-sign of each officer who deployed a tire deflation device for every location.
    d. What type of substantial barrier was used as cover by the officer who deployed the tire deflation device.
    e. If deployment was on a stationary vehicle, describe where the tire deflation device was deployed (i.e., subject vehicle [front or rear tires] or ingress/egress areas of a business or residential area [street, cul-de-sac, driveway, etc.])
    f. If the deployment was successful or unsuccessful at each location and why it was determined to be successful or unsuccessful.
    g. Did any vehicles other than the subject vehicle strike the tire deflation device?
12. Ensure all evidence and documentation (e.g., voluntary statements, photos, injuries, vehicle damage, etc.) is secured prior to the end of shift.

Question 46

Can a supervisor, who becomes involved in a pursuit other than supervising the pursuit, conduct the pursuit investigation?

Answer 46

No.
It will be relinquished to the next level of supervision in the officers chain of command

Question 47

Understandably, the decision to pursue
is often made under ________, _______, and _______ changing circumstances

Answer 47

difficult, unpredictable, and rapidly

Question 48

All pursuits will be thoroughly investigated by ___________ to ensure pursuit procedures and tactics were followed.

Answer 48

supervisors

Question 49

Vehicles must be quipped with what to take part in a vehicular pursuit under any circumstances?

Answer 49

lights visible from the front, back and sides of the vehicle and an audible siren

Question 50

A maximum of __________ pursuing units will be authorized unless additional units
are approved to join the pursuit by a monitoring supervisor

Answer 50

Three (primary, secondary, and third)

Question 51

An officer who initiates a vehicular pursuit and who is operating a motorcycle or an authorized unmarked unit will relinquish the _____________ position to the first ________ unit that joins the vehicular pursuit. The initiating officer will immediately disengage from the pursuit when an additional black and white marked patrol unit joins as the secondary unit.

Answer 51

Primary position
black and white

Question 52

Any________ unit will proceed to the termination point at the conclusion of the pursuit

Answer 52

primary pursuing

Question 53

Pursuing units and monitoring supervisors will constantly evaluate conditions and discontinue the pursuit when the danger outweighs the need to apprehend the suspect. If pursuing units discontinue a vehicular pursuit or are ordered by a supervisor to discontinue, the pursuing units will?

Answer 53

1. Immediately cease emergency operations (lights and siren), reduce speed, and discontinue visual contact with the suspect vehicle.
2. Broadcast over the radio the discontinuance of pursuit and that there is no longer visual contact of the suspect vehicle.

Question 54

Units bubbling a suspect vehicle will not intentionally bubble outside their assigned area command unless approved by

Answer 54

monitoring supervisor and assigned by the Communications dispatcher

Question 55

While bubbling, units will:

Answer 55

1. Attempt to contain the suspect vehicle, not apprehend.
2. Monitor the suspect vehicle via radio but will not seek constant visual contact of the fleeing vehicle.
3. Obey all traffic laws and not activate emergency equipment (lights and siren).
4. Avoid engaging the suspect in a vehicular pursuit without supervisor approval.
5. Avoid the termination point unless requested by units at the termination point or the monitoring supervisor and assigned by the dispatcher.

Question 56

Whether or not a vehicle pursuit is occurring, if the suspect vehicle enters another area command or jurisdiction, _____________ will determine if the bubble tactic should continue.

Answer 56

monitoring supervisor

Question 57

If the suspect vehicle enters another area command or jurisdiction, the monitoring supervisor will not transition responsibilities and will continue to monitor unless relieved by

Answer 57

higher-ranking department supervisor

Question 58

when a pursuit is discontinued the monitoring supervisor will confirm over the radio with their dispatcher that:

Answer 58

1. All neighboring area commands have been advised the vehicular pursuit was discontinued due to the danger it presented to the community.
2. Their area command lieutenant (watch commander in the lieutenant’s absence) is aware of the incident and that the vehicular pursuit was discontinued due to the danger it presented to the community.

Question 59

Secondary unit involved in a pursuit will:

Answer 59

1. Whenever feasible, assume responsibility for broadcasting progress of the pursuit until relieved by the Air Unit.
2. Become the primary unit if the primary unit cannot continue the pursuit.
3. At the termination point, coordinate high-risk vehicle stop procedures, a low-lethal option, and a custody plan with the primary and third units.
4. If the occupant(s) of the suspect vehicle flees on foot, and the primary unit becomes involved in a foot pursuit:
   a. Coordinate with the monitoring supervisor to communicate with bubbling units on apprehension/containment procedures (see LVMPD 3.220, Foot Pursuits).
   b. Coordinate police activities (e.g., high-risk vehicle stop procedures and containment) for the suspect vehicle.

Question 60

Third unit involved in a pursuit will:

Answer 60

1. Become the primary unit if the primary and secondary units cannot continue the pursuit.
2. At the termination point, coordinate high-risk vehicle stop procedures, a low-lethal option, and a custody plan with the primary and secondary units.
3. If the occupant(s) of the suspect vehicle flees on foot, and the primary and secondary units become involved in a foot pursuit:
   a. Coordinate with the monitoring supervisor to communicate with bubbling units on apprehension/containment procedures (see LVMPD 3.220, Foot Pursuits).
   b. Coordinate police activities (e.g., high-risk vehicle stop procedures and containment) for the suspect vehicle.

Question 61

During a pursuit Air unit will:

Answer 61

Assume primary radio responsibilities when visual contact of the suspect vehicle is made.

Question 62

Non-pursuit units will:

Answer 62

1. Avoid direct involvement in the vehicle pursuit unless requested by the monitoring supervisor.
2. Bubble only within their designated area command unless assigned by the dispatcher.
3. Evaluate the ability to deploy stop sticks from a position of safety (see Tire Deflation Devices –Stop Sticks).
4. Avoid the termination point unless requested by units at the termination point or the monitoring supervisor and assigned by the dispatcher.

Question 63

Tire deflation devices (stop sticks/Piranha) will only be deployed on vehicles that meet __________.

Answer 63

vehicle pursuit criteria (occupied or unoccupied).

Question 64

Can Piranha’s be deployed during a vehicle pursuit?

Answer 64

No. Deployment of Piranha will only be used on a stationary vehicle (occupied or unoccupied)

Question 65

At the conclusion of the pursuit, confirm that the monitoring supervisor is aware of the stop stick deployment and provide the following:

Answer 65

a) Name, personnel number (P#) and call-sign.
b) Location of deployment.
c) What type of substantial barrier was used as cover.
d) If the deployment was successful or unsuccessful and why it was determined to be
successful or unsuccessful.
e) Did any vehicles other than the subject vehicle strike the stop stick.

Question 66

Stop stick training will be conducted under the direction of who, occur how often, and consists of officers doing what?

Answer 66

ODB

on a quarterly basis

Consists of officers physically practicing the deployment of stop sticks

Question 67

The use of PIT to stop a pursuit will be done only after

Answer 67

the violator has clearly demonstrated the intention to avoid apprehension

Question 68

Only _________ personnel who maintain current PIT certification may use this technique.

Answer 68

commissioned

Question 69

PIT as non-deadly use of force:

Answer 69

a. Used at speeds of 40 mph and below and does not meet the criteria as deadly force.
b. If the tires of a pursuable vehicle have been deflated, and speeds are 40 mph and below.
c. PIT (successful non-deadly and attempts) are reportable uses of force and must be in a Use of Force Report and Pursuit Report in Blue Team.

Question 70

PIT as deadly force:

Answer 70

a. At speeds of over 40 mph.
b. Used on motorcycles.
c. Used on high center-of-gravity vehicles likely to roll over (e.g., vans, SUVs, and Jeeps).
d. Circumstances that create a substantial risk of death or serious bodily injury.
e. Circumstances warranting the use of the PIT as deadly force include:
1) Continued movement of the pursued vehicle would place others in danger of bodily harm or death other than the occupants of the vehicle; and/or
2) Apparent risk of harm – to those other than the occupants of the pursued vehicle – is so great as to outweigh the risk of harm in making the forcible stop; and
3) Other means of apprehension during the pursuit have been considered and rejected as impractical (e.g., continue to follow, bubble tactic, stop sticks, call for the Air Unit, and/or discontinuance).
f. The Critical Incident Review Team (CIRT) will complete the appropriate reports for incidents where deadly force is used (PIT or ramming).
1) In incidents where PIT (deadly) or ramming is used, the use of force will be handled by CIRT at the discretion of the CIRT lieutenant, based on the totality of the circumstances.

Question 71

CIRT will be notified when a pursuit has how many officers involved?

Answer 71

5

Question 72

Who will complete appropriate reports for incidents where deadly force is used (PIT or ramming), and the use of force report?

Answer 72

CIRT

At the discretion of the cit LT based on the totality of the circumstances.

Question 73

Tactical Considerations for Using PIT. Officers will evaluate the following locations and hazards:

Answer 73

a. Areas with high concentrations of pedestrians
b. Other vehicle traffic
c. Parked vehicles
d. Telephone/utility poles
e. Bridges
f. Areas adjacent to paved roads with a large elevation change

Question 74

The tire deflation device must be ______ or ________ after deployment.

Answer 74

repaired or replaced

Question 75

If a vehicle belonging to an uninvolved citizen is damaged who will notified?

Answer 75

area lieutenant or watch commander

Question 76

Post-Pursuit Requirements, Primary officer(s) will:

Answer 76

1. Complete the Pursuit Report(s) and forward through the chain of command to the bureau/area commander. Include the following pursuit evaluation factors in the narrative portion of the Pursuit Report:
   a. Whether the need for immediate apprehension of the suspect(s) outweighs the danger created by the pursuit itself.
   b. Whether the suspect is known to officers and could be apprehended later.
   c. Vehicular and pedestrian traffic to include road conditions.
   d. Environmental aspects affecting the pursuit: residential, commercial, or rural.
   e. Weather conditions (e.g., rain, fog, or snow).
   f. Time of day: Does visibility create an unreasonable risk of injury to the public or pursuing officer(s)?
   g. Alternatives to pursuit, including the availability of the Air Unit, use of the bubble tactic, surveillance with unmarked LVMPD vehicles, use of PIT, deployment of stop sticks, or arrest at a later time via investigative means.
   h. Clearly state the supervisor who authorized the continuance of the pursuit.
2. In addition, if PIT (non-deadly) is used or attempted, complete a Use of Force Report in Blue Team (see LVMPD 3.110, Use of Force, “Post Use of Force Investigations”). Document the supervisor who authorized the pursuit.
3. In incidents where PIT (deadly) is used, the use of force will be handled by CIRT at the discretion of the CIRT lieutenant, based on the totality of the circumstances.

Question 77

IOCP Bureau will Provide a monthly report to bureau/division commanders, listing all Vehicle Pursuit Reports that have exceeded

Answer 77

the 30-day limitation.