5.1 Key Terms

Question 1

Migration

Answer 1

• The movement of people across a specified boundary, national or international
• the United Nations defines permanent as a change of residence lasting more than one year

Question 2

Internal migration

Answer 2

Movement of people within the frontiers of one country

Question 3

International migration

Answer 3

Movement of people across international boundaries

Question 4

Immigration

Answer 4

The ‘permanent’ movement of people into a particular country from one or a number of countries

Question 5

Emigration

Answer 5

The ‘permanent’ movement of people out of a country to one or a number of other countries

Question 6

In-migration

Answer 6

Regional movement of people within country towards a particular destination

Question 7

Out-migration

Answer 7

Regional movement within a country away from a particular destination

Question 8

Net migration

Answer 8

• the number of migrants entering a region or country minus the number of migrants who leave the same region or country
• the balance may be positive or negative

Question 9

Origin

Answer 9

The country or region from which a migrant begins

Question 10

Destination

Answer 10

The country or region where a migration is completed

Question 11

Migration stream

Answer 11

Formed by migrants sharing a common origin and destination

Question 12

Counterstream

Answer 12

• reverse flow of migration stream
• at a lower volume + is usually the result of some migrants being dissatisfied with their destination + deciding to return home

Question 13

Push factors

Answer 13

Negative conditions at the point of origin that encourage or force people to move

Question 14

Pull factors

Answer 14

Positive conditions at the point of destination that encourage people to move

Question 15

Chain migration

Answer 15

Process that occurs when, after one or a small number of pioneering migrants have led the way, other from the same rural community follow

Question 16

Relay migration

Answer 16

Occurs when, at different stages in a family’s life cycle, different people take responsibility for migration in order to improve the financial position of the family

Question 17

Stepped migration

Answer 17

• when the rural migrant initially heads for a familiar small town and then, after a period of time, moves onto a larger urban settlement
• over many years the migrant may take a number of steps up the urban hierarchy

Question 18

Urban hierarchy

Answer 18

Ranking of urban settlements from the smallest to the largest

Question 19

Voluntary migration

Answer 19

When the individual or household has a free choice about whether or not to move

Question 20

Forced migration

Answer 20

When the individual or household has little or no choice but to move