5.02 Seeing Flashcards

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1
Q

property of light determined by the amplitude of the wave—how high or how low the wave actually is

A

brightness

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2
Q

property of light determined by the length of the wave

A

color or hue

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3
Q

long wavelengths are found at the __ end of the spectrum, shorter wavelengths are found at the __ end

A

red, blue

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4
Q

property of light determined by the purity of the color people see

A

saturation

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5
Q

the range of wavelengths that people can see; a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum

A

visible spectrum

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6
Q

clear membrane that covers the surface of the eye; focuses most light entering the eye

A

cornea

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7
Q

clear, watery fluid that is continually replenished; supplies nourishment to the eye

A

aqueous humor

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8
Q

hole through which light from the visual image enters the interior of the eye

A

pupil

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9
Q

round structure attached to muscles; the colored part of the eye in which the pupil is located; can change the size of the pupil, letting more or less light into the eye

A

iris

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10
Q

finishes the focusing process begun by the cornea

A

lens

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11
Q

the change in the thickness of the lens as the eye focuses on objects that are far away or close

A

visual accommodation

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12
Q

jelly-like fluid that also nourishes the eye and gives it shape

A

vitreous humor

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13
Q

condition when the shape of the eye causes the focal point to fall short of the retina

A

nearsightedness / myopia

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14
Q

condition when the focus point is behind the retina

A

farsightedeness / hyperopia

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15
Q

layer of photoreceptors and other cells; final stop for light in the eye

A

retina

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16
Q

visual sensory receptors found at the back of the retina; responsible for noncolor sensitivity to low levels of light and peripheral vision

A

rods

17
Q

visual sensory receptors found at the back of the retina; responsible for color vision and sharpness of vision

A

cones

18
Q

area in the retina where the axons of the three layers of retinal cells exit the eye to form the optic nerve; insensitive to light

A

blind spot

19
Q

formed by axons of ganglion cells that run to the brain

A

optic nerve

20
Q

pathway of light information after retina

A

optic nerve –> thalamus –> visual cortex in occipital lobe

21
Q

point of crossover for visual information between the hemispheres

A

oticchaism

22
Q

the recovery of the eye’s sensitivity to visual stimuli in darkness after exposure to bright lights

A

dark adaptation

23
Q

the recovery of the eye’s sensitivity to visual stimuli in light after exposure to darkness

A

light adaptation

24
Q

two principles of trichromatic theory

A

three types of cones: red, blue, and green; combination of cones and their firing rate determines the color that is seen

25
Q

images that occur when a visual sensation persists for a brief time even after the original stimulus is removed; not explained by trichromatic theory

A

afterimages

26
Q

theory of color vision that proposes four primary colors with cones arranged in opposing pairs: red and green, blue and yellow

A

Opponent-process theory

27
Q

a condition in which a persons eyes either have no cones or have cones that are not working at all

A

Monochrome colorblindness

28
Q

either the red or the green cones are not working

A

red-green colorblindness

29
Q

mode of inheritance for red-green colorblindness

A

sex-linked recessive gene