1.02 History of psychology

Question 1

Greek philosopher, believed in nativism–the idea that some knowledge was innate

Answer 1

Plato

Question 2

Greek philosopher, believed we are born tabula rasa

Answer 2

Aristotle

Question 3

“blank slate”

Answer 3

tabula rasa

Question 4

idea that the mind is totally separate from the body

Answer 4

dualism

Question 5

French philosopher who believed in mind-body dualism

Answer 5

René Descartes

Question 6

belief that the mind is formed by our experiences

Answer 6

empiricism

Question 7

British philosopher who believed in empiricism and the “blank slate”

Answer 7

John Locke

Question 8

physiologist who measured the speed of nerve transmission using frog legs

Answer 8

Hermann von Helmholtz

Question 9

naturalist whose theory of evolution by natural selection changed science

Answer 9

Charles Darwin

Question 10

originator of the Structuralism movement in psychology

Answer 10

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 11

Wundt’s highly practiced form of self-examination; his way of studying consciousness

Answer 11

introspection

Question 12

one of Wundt’s greatest accomplishments

Answer 12

he differentiated sensation from perception

Question 13

goals of Structuralism

Answer 13

take a scientific approach to psychology and identify the structures or building blocks of psychological experiences and behaviors

Question 14

originator of the Functionalism movement in psychology

Answer 14

William James

Question 15

goal of Functionalism

Answer 15

understand behavior in terms of its function in our lives and how it aids our survival

Question 16

Wundt’s student; brought structuralism to America

Answer 16

Edward Titchener

Question 17

Titchener’s student; first woman to earn a Ph.D. in psychology

Answer 17

Margaret Washburn

Question 18

denied Ph.D. from Harvard because she was a woman;

first female president of the American Psychological Association

Answer 18

Mary Whiton Calkins

Question 19

originator of the Gestalt psychology movement

Answer 19

Max Wertheimer

Question 20

basic assumption of Gestalt psychology

Answer 20

sensation and perception are complex processes that cannot be broken down into simpler parts

Question 21

originator of the psychodynamic approach to psychology

Answer 21

Sigmund Freud

Question 22

goal of the psychodynamic approach to psychology

Answer 22

treat patients suffering from nervous disorders by probing their childhood memories and unconscious minds to find repressed desires

Question 23

modern term for when a trained psychologist helps a person gain insight into and change her behavior

Answer 23

psychotherapy

Question 24

originator of the behaviorist approach to psychology

Answer 24

John Watson

Question 25

goal of the behaviorist approach to psychology

Answer 25

Bring psychology back to the realm of science by ignoring consciousness and focusing only on observable behaviors that could be measured

Question 26

Watson’s student, she used counterconditioning or desensitization to reverse the effects of fear conditioning

Answer 26

Mary Cover Jones

Question 27

he showed that reflexes could be conditioned

Answer 27

Ivan Pavlov