11.02 Sleep Flashcards
describes any biological rhythm that takes one day to complete
circadian
brain structure that controls the sleep-wake cycle; the hormones it regulates are also involved in body temperature, thirst, hunger, moods, and sex drive
hypothalamus
the light-sensitive structure within the hypothalamus that acts as an internal clock, letting people know when to fall asleep and when to wake up
suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
hormone secreted by the pineal gland, under the control of the SCN; though it is naturally occurring in the body, supplements can be used to treat jet lag
melatonin
high levels of melatonin cause the body to __; low levels of melatonin cause the body to __
sleep; awaken
brief “sidesteps” into sleep that last just seconds
microsleeps
three benefits of sleep for the brain
- enhances synaptic connections
- strengthens memories
- increases the plasticity of the brain
theory of sleep that states that sleep is a product of evolution that helps potential prey to avoid the active time of predators
adaptive theory of sleep
theory of sleep that states that sleep is vital to the physical health of the body, it provides time for growth and repair
restorative theory of sleep
two main stages of sleep
REM and NREM
rapid eye movement and non-rapid eye movement
two characteristics of NREM sleep
- deeper, restful sleep
- muscle movement common
five characteristics of REM sleep
- psychologically active
- dreaming
- little muscle movement (sleep paralysis)
- activation of the sympathetic nervous system
- occurs up to five times a night, in intervals of about 30 minutes
test that is used during sleep studies to record the brain-wave activity of sleepers
electroencephalogram (EEG)
four types of brain waves (that we’ve studied)
alpha, beta, delta, theta
brain waves that occur when a person is awake and mentally active
beta waves