2.02 Freud and neo-Freudianism

Question 1

the “hidden” part of the mind that surfaces only in dreams and in certain behaviors; contains feelings, memories, thoughts, and urges that cannot be brought easily into consciousness; first suggested by Sigmund Freud

Answer 1

unconscious

Question 2

according to Freud, the most important determining factor in human behavior and personality

Answer 2

unconscious

Question 3

Freud’s three levels of awareness

Answer 3

conscious, preconscious, unconscious

Question 4

Freud’s level of awareness that consists of material just beneath the surface of awareness

Answer 4

preconscious

Question 5

Freud’s three parts of personality

Answer 5

id, ego, superego

Question 6

Freud’s parts of personality: most primitive part; completely unconscious; pleasure-seeking; amoral; exists at birth; contains all biological drives; works on pleasure principle

Answer 6

id

Question 7

Freud’s parts of personality: mostly conscious; rational and logical; works on reality principle

Answer 7

ego

Question 8

Freud’s parts of personality: moral center of personality; contains the conscience; puts restrictions on how the id’s demands can be met

Answer 8

superego

Question 9

Freud: the need for immediate gratification without regard for the consequences

Answer 9

pleasure principle

Question 10

Freud: the need to satisfy the demands of the id only in ways that do not lead to negative consequences

Answer 10

reality principle

Question 11

the part of the personality that makes people feel guilt, or moral anxiety, when they do the wrong thing

Answer 11

conscience

Question 12

Freud: unconscious distortions of a person’s perception of reality that reduces anxiety

Answer 12

psychological defense mechanisms

Question 13

psychological defense mechanism: refusal to acknowledge a situation

Answer 13

denial

Question 14

psychological defense mechanism: pushing events or situations out of conscious memory

Answer 14

repression

Question 15

psychological defense mechanism: making up acceptable excuses for unacceptable behaviors

Answer 15

rationalization

Question 16

psychological defense mechanism: placing one’s own unacceptable thoughts onto others

Answer 16

projection

Question 17

psychological defense mechanism: forming a response that is the opposite of one’s unacceptable actual thoughts

Answer 17

reaction formation

Question 18

psychological defense mechanism: displacement

Answer 18

expressing feelings onto a less threatening substitute

Question 19

psychological defense mechanism: regression

Answer 19

coping with stress by reverting to childlike patterns

Question 20

psychological defense mechanism: acting like someone else to deal with anxiety

Answer 20

identification

Question 21

psychological defense mechanism: becoming superior in some areas to make up for lacking in others

Answer 21

compensation / substitution

Question 22

psychological defense mechanism: turning socially unacceptable urges into acceptable behaviors

Answer 22

sublimation

Question 23

five stages of personality development proposed by Freud; linked closely with sexual development of the child

Answer 23

psychosexual stages

Question 24

disorder in which a person does not fully resolve the conflict in a particular psychosexual stage, resulting in personality traits and behavior associated with that stage

Answer 24

fixation

Question 25

Freud’s five psychosexual stages, in order

Answer 25

• oral
• anal
• phallic
• latency
• genital

Question 26

Freud’s psychosexual stage:
mouth; conflict over weaning; associated with overeating or drinking, chain smoking, talking too much, gum chewing, dependence/optimism or aggression/pessimism

Answer 26

oral stage

Question 27

Freud’s psychosexual stage: anus; conflict over toilet training; associated with anal expulsive or anal retentive personalities

Answer 27

anal stage

Question 28

Freud’s psychosexual stage:
phallus; conflict over sexual feelings of the child; associated with Oedipus/Electra complex, castration anxiety and penis envy

Answer 28

phallic stage

Question 29

Freud’s psychosexual stage:

associated with hidden sexual feelings

Answer 29

latency stage

Question 30

Freud’s psychosexual stage:

entry into adult social and sexual behavior

Answer 30

genital stage

Question 31

the workings of the unconscious mind, the development of the personality, and the therapy based on those ideas

Answer 31

psychoanalysis

Question 32

he created the idea of the collective unconscious

Answer 32

Carl Gustav Jung

Question 33

structures of the unconscious mind which are shared among beings of the same species

Answer 33

collective unconscious

Question 34

universal symbols or memories in the collective unconscious

Answer 34

archetypes

Question 35

he believed that birth order played prominently in personality development, as did a child’s sense of inferiority and subsequence drive to compensate

Answer 35

Alfred Adler

Question 36

she suggested that there was a male equivalent to penis envy known as womb envy, that males felt the need to compensate for their inability to produce children, and that all children develop a basic anxiety about the world

Answer 36

Karen Horney

Question 37

Karen Horney argued that children with poor upbringings would develop __ personalities

Answer 37

neurotic

Question 38

neo-Freudian who outlined eight stages of psychosocial development

Answer 38

Erik Erikson

Question 39

three of Freud’s prominent ideas that are still widely accepted today

Answer 39

• defense mechanisms
• unconscious mind
• significance of childhood experiences in personality development