5) Why were Years 1568-1573 a Turning Point in Anglo-Spanish Relations? Flashcards
Describe Anglo-Spanish relations during the first decade of Elizabeth’s reign
During the First decade of Elizabeth’s reign, Anglo-Spanish relations were relatively friendly, as Philip wanted to keep England as an ally against France and the Guise family.
What did Philip II influence Pope Pius V not to do in 1558?
Philip II influenced Pope Pius II not to excommunicate Elizabeth in 1558.
When did Philip offer to marry Elizabeth?
Philip offered to marry Elizabeth in 1559.
Throughout the period up until 1568, what did Philip II hold out hope for?
Throughout the period up until 1568, Philip II held out the hope that Elizabeth might restore Catholicism.
Why did Elizabeth want to maintain Anglo-Spanish relations?
Elizabeth wanted to maintain Anglo-Spanish relations as she regarded France as the main threat to national security early in her reign.
When did problems start to arise with the Netherlands?
Problems with the Netherlands started to arise between 1562 and 1564.
What did Cardinal Granvelle do in November 1563?
In November 1563, Cardinal Granvelle placed a trade embargo on all exports to Antwerp from London as he believed Elizabeth was involved in an international conspiracy in favour of Protestants.
What was the most important turning point in Anglo-Spanish relations?
The most important turning point in Anglo-Spanish relations was the appearance of a Spanish army of 10,000 in the Netherlands under the Duke of Alva in 1567.
What was the Spanish army in the Netherlands later increased to?
The Spanish army in the Netherlands was later increased to 50,000.
Why was the Spanish army in the Netherlands in 1567 a threat?
The Spanish army in the Netherlands in 1567 was a threat as such as large military force was a threat to the national security of both England and France.
How was the issue made worse?
The issue was made worse with Alva’s ‘Council of Blood’ which executed leaders of Protestant disturbances such as Counts Egmont and Hoorn.
What would happen if Alva was successful in defeating Protestantism in the Netherlands?
If Alva was successful in defeating Protestantism in the Netherlands, he might try to do the dame in England.
What did the arrival of Mary Stuart in England in 1568, the Rebellion of the Northern Earls and the Ridolfi plot suggest?
These suggested an international Catholic conspiracy against England which involved Philip II.
What also contributed towards the conflict and who was the main culprit?
The dispute over the West Indies and the New World also contributed to conflict and John Hawkins was the main culprit.
What did John Hawkins do?
In 1562-1563, 1564-1565 and 1567-1568, Hawkins led three expeditions to purchase slaves in Spain’s New World territories.
