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5 Trauma/Stressor Related Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are 6 DSM-5 Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders

A
  1. Reactive Attachment Disorder
  2. Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder - abuse
  3. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
  4. Acute Stress Disorder
  5. Adjustment Disorder
  6. Other Specified Trauma-and-Stresstor-Related Disorder
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2
Q

Throughout history, PTSD is linked to __ and __ __

A

war

natural disasters

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3
Q

4 things associated with PTSD (Historically)

A
  1. Shell shock
  2. battle fatigue
  3. traumatic war neurosis
  4. battle stress
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4
Q

PTSD first appeared as a diagnosis DSM __ in ___: called __ __ __

A

1
1952
gross stress reaction

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5
Q

Mid- 80’s DSM __ defines PTSD

A

III

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6
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for PTSD? (8)

A

A. Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence
B. Presence of intrusion symptoms associated with the traumatic event
C. Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated wit the traumatic event
D. Negative alterations in cognitions and mood associated with the traumatic event
E. Marked alterations in arousal and reactivity associated with the traumatic event
F. Duration of the disturbance is more than one month
G. Disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment
H. Disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or other medical condition

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7
Q

Prevalence of PTSD:

Lifetime risk of exposure to a traumatic stressor is __% for men and __% for women

A

60

51

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8
Q

Lifetime prevalence of PTSD in US men =

A

8%

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9
Q

There are higher rates of PTSD among __ , which = __%

A

women

20%

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10
Q

Which groups have the highest PTSD prevalence rates? (5)

A
  1. military veterans
  2. firefighters/police/EMS
  3. rape survivors
  4. captivity
  5. politically motivated internment and genocide
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11
Q

What are the 5 risk factors of PTSD for an Individual’s Response?

A
  1. effectiveness of coping mechanisms
  2. presence of pre-existing psychopathology
  3. previous stress/trauma
  4. current psychosocial developmental stage
  5. demographic factors
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12
Q

What are the peri-traumatic factors under PTSD risk factors?

A

A. Severity or dose of trauma which includes:

  1. Perceived life threat
  2. personal injury
  3. interpersonal violence (especially by caregiver)
  4. military issues

B. Dissociation

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13
Q

What are the recovery environment risk factors for PTSD? (4)

A
  1. availability of social support
  2. cohesiveness and protectiveness of family and friends
  3. attitude of society regarding the experience
  4. cultural and sub-cultural influences
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14
Q

What are 3 biological factors of PTSD?

A
  1. Noradrenergic, endogenous opiate systems, hyperactive
  2. Dysfunction of the HPA axis
  3. Increased activity and responsiveness of the autonomic nervous system
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15
Q

Course of PTSD:

1. Symptoms begin within the first __ months following trauma, may be a delay of __ or __

A

3

months; years

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16
Q

Course of PTSD: complete recovery within __ months in __% of cases

A

3

50

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17
Q

5 Factors for Long Term Response to Trauma

A
  1. Severity and duration of the stressor
  2. Extent of anticipatory preparation for the event
  3. Exposure to death
  4. Amount of control over recurrence
  5. Location
18
Q

What are psychiatric comorbidities for PTSD?

A
  1. substance abuse
  2. mood disorders
  3. anxiety disorders
  4. suicidal ideation
  5. TBI
19
Q

Assessment of PTSD:

what are the possible clinical presentations? (5)

A
  1. Fear based re-experiencing
  2. Anhedonia
  3. Dysphoric mood
  4. Arousal
  5. Dissociation
20
Q

What are the 6 PTSD scales?

A
  1. Primary Care PTSD Screen (PC-PTSD)
  2. 17-Item PTSD Checklist
  3. Short Screening Scale for PTSD
  4. Trauma Screening Questionnaire
  5. PTSD checklist
  6. Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5)
21
Q

Acute Stress Disorder is defined as exposure to __ or __ death, __ __, or __ __

A

actual; threatened
serious injury
sexual violation

22
Q

Acute stress disorder consists of these symptoms:

A
  1. intrusion symptoms
  2. negative mood
  3. dissociative symptoms
  4. avoidance symptoms
  5. arousal symptoms
23
Q

Symptoms of acute stress disorder last from __ days to __ __ after exposure

A

3

one month

24
Q

Prevalence of Acute Stress Disorder varies according to the __ of the __

A

nature; event

25
Acute stress disorder is identified in less than __% of cases following trauma
20%
26
Higher rates of acute stress disorder are reported following __ __ __
interpersonal traumatic events
27
50% of people who develop PTSD present with __
ASD
28
For PTSD and Acute Stress Disorder in children, there is a new onset of __ __
frightening dreams
29
For PTSD and Acute Stress Disorder in children, children express _____ through ___
re-experiencing play
30
For PTSD and Acute Stress Disorder in children, may not manifest fearful reactions at the __ __ __
time of exposure
31
There are a __ range of __ and __ changes for children with PTSD and Acute Stress Disorder
wide; emotional; behavioral
32
What other behaviors are seen in children with PTSD and Acute Stress Disorder? (3)
1. avoidance and/or preoccupation 2. irritable or aggressive behavior 3. reckless behaviors
33
Nursing Diagnoses for Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders: (6)
1. Post-trauma syndrome 2. risk for post trauma syndrome 3. rape-trauma syndrome 4. complicated grieving 5. disturbed sleep pattern 6. risk for other directed violence 7. risk for self directed violence 8. risk for suicide
34
What are 7 nursing care interventions for PTSD?
1. accept client, establish trust 2. stay with client during flashbacks 3. encourage verbalization about the trauma when the client is ready 4. discuss coping mechanisms 5. assess for maladaptive coping 6. assess for safety: self-destructive/ suicidal ideation, behaviors 7. educate client and family
35
What 4 treatments are there for someone with PTSD?
1. trauma focused psychotherapy 2. pharmacotherapy 3. group therapy 4. family/marital therapy
36
What 3 specific trauma focused psychotherapy treatments are there ?
1. CBT 2. EMDR 3. Prolonged Exposure Therapy
37
What two different drug classes are used to treat clients with PTSD?
1. antidepressants | 2. augmenting agents
38
What antidepressants are used to treat PTSD?
1. Paxil (Paroxetine) | 2. Zoloft (Sertraline) FDA approved
39
What augmenting agents are used to treat PTSD?
1. Prazosin (nightmares) | 2. Trazodone (sleep)
40
What complementary/other treatments are available for patients with PTSD/stressor related disorders?
1. yoga 2. meditation 3. acupuncture 4. mobile app: PTSD coach

PSYCH (9 decks)

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